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Cell Reproduction
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why are chromosomes copied before cell division? | So each new cell gets a full set of DNA. |
| How do cells control the cell cycle? | Checkpoints, cyclins, and signals that stop or start division. |
| What is cancer, and what three changes happen in malignant cells? | Cancer = uncontrolled cell division. Malignant cells: Divide uncontrollably, Look abnormal, Spread to other tissues. |
| Why do some cells live longer or shorter? | Different jobs, different wear, and some divide often while others don’t. |
| Why do cells need to divide? | For growth, repair, replacing old cells, and reproduction (in single‑celled organisms). |
| If a cell is damaged and can’t divide, what happens? | Tissues can’t repair, and the area may weaken or lose function. |
| What happens to chromosome number from interphase to the end of division? | DNA doubles in interphase, but the final two cells end with the same diploid number as the original. |
| How is cell division different in plant vs. animal cells? | Animals form a cleavage furrow; plants form a cell plate. |
| Oncogene: | Gene that causes uncontrolled division when mutated. |
| Tumor: | Mass of abnormal cells. |
| Metastasis: | Cancer spreading to new places. |
| Neoplasm: | Another word for a tumor. |
| Malignant: | Cancerous and able to spread. |
| Apoptosis | Programmed cell death; removes damaged cells and keeps tissues healthy. |
| What is G0 and why do cells enter it? | A resting phase where cells stop dividing; they enter it when fully specialized or not needed to divide. |