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Lab 18, 19, & 20
Lab 18 & 19
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sclera | protection & shape eyeball |
| Iris | part of the choroid muscle that open/close pupil |
| Cornea | transparent fibrous CT layer |
| Cornea | allow light inside & refraction |
| Pupil | window for light |
| Macula Lutea | area surrounding fovea centralis |
| Fovea Centralis | high vision |
| Retina | contains nervous tissue for photoreception |
| Lens | change shape to refract/focus light on retina |
| Optic disck | Blind spot/ Optic nerve exit/ area w/ no rods & cones |
| Optic nerve | bridge to the brain |
| Choroid | blood supply to eyeball |
| Sensory Functional classification | Mechanoreceptors, Chemoreceptors, Thermoreceptors, Nociceptors, Osmoreceptors, & Photoreceptors |
| Sensory Location classification | Exteroceptor, Interceptors (visceroceptors), & Proprioceptors |
| Exteroceptors | Near a stimulus externally; ex: skin & hearing/light waves |
| Interceptors (Visceroreceptors) | Internal organs & tissues; ex: + BP in aorta |
| Proprioceptors | near a moving body part; ex: joints/muscles |
| Mechanoreceptors | Detect physical stimuli (pressure, vibration, & touches) |
| Mechanoreceptors | sense sound & body position (balance) |
| Mechanoreceptors | Tactile & Lamellar corpuscle |
| Chemoreceptors | interprets chemical stimuli; object's taste/smell |
| Chemoreceptors | Taste buds |
| Exteroceptors | Taste buds, Lamellar & Tactile Corpuscle |
| Superior Rectus | (Nerve III oculomotor) Eye up |
| Lateral Rectus | (Nerve VI abducens) eye away from nose |
| Inferior rectus | (Nerve III oculomotor) eye down |
| Inferior oblique | (Nerve III oculomotor) laterally and up |
| Medial Rectus | (Nerve III oculomotor) eye toward the nose |
| Superior oblique | (Nerve IV trochlear) medially and down |
| Photoreceptors | detect light waves |
| Bipolar cells | shuttle AP from rods/cones to ganglion cells |
| Ganglion cells | takes AP to optic nerve |
| Tapetum | Blue, reflective layer in the eye in animals |
| Osmoreceptors | solute concentrations of body fluids |
| Nociceptor | interprets pain |
| Vision | special sense of signa based on the transduction of light stimuli received via eyes |
| Extraocular muscles | contracts for eye movement |
| Fibrous tunic layer | Sclera & Cornea |
| Vascular tunic layer | Choroid, Ciliary body, & Iris |
| Ciliary body | muscular structure attached to lens by suspensory ligaments; allow to focus light on retina (back of the eye) |
| Iris | color part of the eye |
| Retina | Pigmented & Neural layer |
| Optic disc | where the ganglion cells lie |
| Vestibule | where stapes meet |
| Ampulla | thick base of semi-circular canals |
| Ampulla | "extension" |
| Oval window | between stapes |
| Pinna | collects & direct sound waves into the ear canal |
| External auditory canal | covered w/ hairs, carries sound waves from pinna to tympanic membrane |
| Tympanic membrane (eardrum) | Fibrous CT that transmits sound vibrations to the ossicles |
| Tympanic membrane (eardrum) | border between the Outer and Middle Ear |
| Ossicles | malleus, incus, & stapes |
| Ossicles | amplify vibrations from eardrum to inner ear |
| Eustachian (pharyngotympanic) tube | equalizes air pressure between middle ear & throat |
| Eustachian (pharyngotympanic) tube | swallowing allow hair movement on the tympanic membrane |
| Semicircular canals | detect head rotation & balance |
| Ampulla | contain sensory receptors for balance |
| Cochlea | fluid-filled sac for hearing |
| Vestibule | central inner ear region for head position & movement |
| Oval window | where stapes transfer vibration into the inner ear |
| Organ of Corti | group of hair cells for converting vibration into AP |
| Cochlea | contains organ of corti (spiral organ) |
| Cristae Ampullaris | for rotation movement |
| Auricle (pinna) | made of elastic cartilage |
| Malleus | hammer |
| Incus | anvil |
| Stapes | stirrup |
| Malleus | attached to the tympanic membrane & articulate w/ the incus |
| Incus | articulates w/ the stapes |
| Outer Ear | Auricle, Auditory Canal (External Acoustic Meatus), & Tympanic membrane |
| Middle Ear | Ossicles, Oval Window, & Eustachian tube |
| Inner Ear | Cochlea & Vestibule |
| Cochlea | Scala vestibuli, Scala media (cochlear duct), & Scala tympani |
| Vestibular membrane | separates Scala media from scale vestibuli |
| Basilar membrane | separates Scala media from Scala tympani |
| Organ of Corti | The receptor organ for hearing |
| Vestibule | The central part of the bony labyrinth |
| sound waves pathway | tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window, round window |
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