Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
ARC HIS I Quiz 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Agropastoral | Survived off of crops and livestock |
| Ritual Center | Location at which traditional or ceremonial acts are performed. Creates shared meaning/community |
| Wattle and Daub | Lattice of wood covered in clay, sand, straw, and mud to create insulated walls. |
| Nabta Plaza | Egypt, c.9000 BCE. Calendar circle. Oldest known stone circle. Society blending nomadic and agrarian practices (priests/clans permanent living, herder tribes seasonal living) |
| Nuiheliang Ritual Center | Northeastern China, c.3500 BCE. Rich variety of remains, good preservation, most cultural relics found. Goddess temple, platform, stone mound, sacrificial alter, foundation, cellar. Sophisticated religious function, burial rituals, astro observation |
| Banpo Village | China, c.4500 BCE. Yangshao culture, matrilinal, pit houses, pottery emphasis. |
| Amphora | "sharp-bottom water bottle" jug used for agriculture, anchored into the ground. Decorated with geometric patterns, faces, animals, or dragons. |
| Ziggurat | Tower of receding stories forming stepped/sloped sides and a large, elevated platform. Features a shrine/temple at top |
| Vestibule | An antechamber/hall lobby next to outer door of building |
| Mastaba | Tomb, considered house for departed. Typically rectangular with sloping sides, flat roof over burial chamber |
| Eridu | Mesopotamia, Iraq, c.5400 BCE. Temple, stacked building phases ~7-8 layers. Ziggurat. Mud bricks/baked brick exterior |
| Uruk | Mesopotamia c.4000 BCE. White Temple. Large city, whitewashed Sumerian temple. dedicated to sky god Ano. Vestibule. |
| Barrow Tomb | mound of earth/stone over grave[s] with a passageway made of large stones. |
| UNESCO | United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. |
| Cruciform | cross shaped |
| Dolmen | megalithic tomb |
| Megalithic | Built from large, undressed stones |
| Ile Longue | South Brittany, France, c.4100 BCE. Stone mound burial site |
| Newgrange | Ireland, c.4000 BCE. UNSECO world heritage site. Cruciform shaped chamber. |
| Carnac and Crucuno Dolmen | Carnac, France, c.3300 BCE. UNESCO site. Megalithic, dolmen with upright stones supporting a capstone. ~3000 stones, could have been 10,000. Rows/columns of stones |
| Archaeological Dating | Relative - arranges past elements in a sequence relative to each other. Absolute - attempts to pinpoint a certain range of time through organic material. |
| Citadel | fortress, used in controlling inhabitants and defense |
| Culvert | pipe for waste water, crosses under roads |
| Bitumen | natural material (petroleum deposits) used for sealant/adhesive and water proofing (great bath usage) |
| Colonnade | row of spaced columns carrying an entablature/usually one side of a roof |
| Stupa | dome-shaped structed created as a Buddhist shrine. |
| Indus Ghaggar-Hakra Civilization | Indus Valley civilization, c.2600-1900 BCE. Urban planning. water control systems, upper/lower towns, platforms for important buildings. |
| Mohenjo-Daro | Indus Valley, Pakistan, c.2500 BCE. Urban planning - gridded streets/right angles/intersections/fortifications. Water management, standardized building materials, Great Bath |
| Fluting | decorative motif - series of long, rounded, parallel grooves. Vertical parallel grooves are called 'flutes' |
| Golden Ratio | Ratio of larger to smaller quantity when same as ratio of their sum to the larger of two quantities. Geometric proportion pleasing to the eye. Feat of math/engineering |
| Margiana Civilization | Indus Valley, Turkmenistan, c.2400-1700 BCE. Also known as BMAC. Over 300 settlements. farming/grazing. center of far-flung trade connections |
| Gondur | Capital of Margiana Civilization. Water management, defensive towers, stone mosaic facades, North/South complex |
| Ur | Mesopotamia, Iraq, founded c.5000-4100, flourished c.20500-1940 under Ur Dynasty. Oval shaped with two basins (Euphrates River) |
| Ziggurat at Ur | c.2100 BCE three staircases merge into one. Priest only at upper levels. Color-schemed design. Stamped inscribed bricks (king and which God it was for) |
| Mortuary Complex at Zoser | Or Djoser/Djeser. Saqqara, South of Cairo, c.2650 BCE. earliest stepped pyramid, colossal stone building, and recorded architect (Imhotep). |
| Snefu's Pyramids | Multiple locations, c.2613-2589 BCE. Stepped at Meidum (abandoned), steep pyramid "Bent pyramid" at Dahsher, return to Meidum adding extra layer to become "Onion pyramid", and "Red Pyramid" made of red stone. |
| Pyramids at GIza | c.2600-2500 BCE. Golden ratio. Stone quarried across Nile River and fashioned into smooth exterior. No hard metals, no wheel for transport. Last of the 7 ancient wonders standing |
| Henge | Circular arrangement of vertically oriented wood posts/stones |
| Lintel | Beam supporting the weight above a door opening |
| Stonehenge | Wiltshire, England, c.3100-1600 BCE. Many phases. Aligned to Solstice sunrise and cardinal points. Sarsen stones. Beaker people add/rearrange blue stones. Cemeteries added. Sarsen Ring stones transported in from ~30 km away |
| Ggantija Temple | Gozo, Malta, c.3500 BCE. Open to the sky. Religious destination, concaved sides (early engineer - no wheel/metal tools) |
| Tarxien Temple | Tarxien, Malta, c.2500 BCE. Similar in size to Ggantija. religious destination, concaved sides |
| Ancestor Mound at Galgada | Peru, c.3000 BCE. Use of sloped hills. Mound grew (similar to step pyramids) known as platform mound |
| Platform Mounds at Caral | Peru, c.2600 BCE. Earliest big city/place in Americas. Sacred City of Caral-Supe. Brightly colored. |
| Piano Nobile | Type of plan. Main level raised above ground floor. |
| Veranda | Large, open porch. Extending front/sides, partly enclosed. |
| Clerestory | Interior rising above adjacent rooftops, having windows for light. |
| City of Mari | Eastern Syria, c.2900-1759 BCE. Circular city. Concentric defense walls (20' thick, 26' tall) Monetized trade, big trade city |
| Knossos | Palace City in Crete, Greece, c.2000 BCE. Built over previous ruins, expanded over time. Minoan Column of wood, reverse taper, painted red. Marine time trade center. Not a defensive structure. Piano Nobile Plan |
| UNESCO World Heritage List | |
| Necropolis | Historical burial ground. Large/elaborate |
| Pylon | Monumental entrance gates, decorated |
| Hypostyle | Many rows of columns |
| Obelisk | Tall four sided shaft |
| Luxor | Also known as Thebes or Waset. Egyptian city |
| Karnak Temple Complex | Luxor, Egypt, c.2000 BCE. Pylons, Hypostyle Halls, Obelisks, Barque Sanctuaries, Sacred Lake |
| Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut | c. 1470 BCE. Terraces, axis alignment, symmetry/asymmetry, Hypostyle hall, Barque Sanctuary, large unique stone columns. |
| Temple of Luxor | c.1400 BCE. Dedications to Rameses II. Courtyards, colonnades, big pylons/obelisks/statues. Sphynx processional leading up to temple. |
| Abu Simbel | Phiale, Egypt, c.1260 BCE. 4 big statues of Rameses II, very grand/imposing. Oriented towards sun. |
| Poverty Point | Mississippi River Valley, Northeast Louisiana, c.1200 BCE. prime water/agricultural location, easy trade. 3 mounds with concentric rings, aisles oriented to solstices. Used for rituals or gatherings. |
| San Lorenzon | Olmec civilization in Central America, c.1300 BCE |
| La Venta | Olmec civilization, c.900-400 BCE, Oriented to Summer Solstice. Domestication of corn/maize crops, dedications/worships to it. Written language development. |
| Temple at Chavin de Huantar | Peru, c.900 BCE. flat, strategic location, engraving on stone. Axial alignment, symmetry. Lanzon stone carved into. Played with acoustics (water, shell trumpets) |
| The Etruscans | Peaked in c.500 BCE. Italian peninsula people. Absorbed by Roman Empire. Expert masons, developed iconic 'roman' arch |
| Pediment | low-pitched gable enclosed by horizontal and raking cornices of Greek/Roman temples. |
| Tuscan Column | Smooth, tapered to top, round cushion capital, square abacus, ionic style bases |
| Ashlar | Block type. regular courses to roofline. standardization of masonry |
| Pilaster | Shallow rectangular feature having a capital and base, projecting from a wall and architecturally treated as a column. |
| Greek Temples | Most oriented towards sunrise. Houses for the divine deity in the form of a statue. Fired terracotta roof, Ashlar block, wall as a single unit. |
| Temple of Soloman | Jerusalem, Israel, c.960 BCE. Very specific details in verses (bible) for length/width/height, structure, preparation of blocks, entry/access, material, and interior arrangement. |
| Babylon | Iraq, big city center. Has a ziggurat ~100 meter tall, though to be "Tower of Babel" from religious beliefs |
| Hanging Gardens | Babylon. One of 7 ancient wonders of the world. Never uncovered, just have written descriptions. Terrace mountain like structure, advanced irrigation system, adjacent to palace complex, 75 feet tall. Held ancient plants/flowers |
| Ishtar Gate | Babylon. Big colorful gate (blue/white). glazed brick with raised molded animal depictions. Currently in Berlin (after being smuggled out in pieces.) |
| Summer Palace | Babylon. Against Euphrates River. 5 Courtyards. |
Created by:
CAL3