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Respiration
ROS's, Aerobic/Anaerobic Respiration
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aerobe | uses oxygen gas for energy |
| obligate aerobe | cannot survive without oxygen gas |
| thioglycolate | a liquid in the lab that determines if an organism requires oxygen as |
| microaerophiles | obligate aerobes that need oxygen gas but in a limited amount |
| facultative anaerobes | use oxygen gas to extract energy but can survive without oxygen |
| anaerobe | does not use oxygen gas for energy |
| aerotolerant | do not use oxygen gas for energy but are immune to its toxicity |
| kinetic energy | energy associated with motion |
| heat or combustion energy | a type of kinetic energy |
| potential energy | a type of energy that is associated with position of an object or how it is made |
| ways to get energy | aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation |
| combustion of sugars | oxidizing a sugar to release a lot of energy all at once |
| phosphorylation | when ADP turns into ATP by binding another phosphate |
| ATP hydrolysis | removing a phosphate from ATP |
| aerobic respiration steps | glycolysis, CAC, electron transport chain |
| oxidation | molecule loses an electron |
| reduction | molecule gains an electron |
| NAD | vitamin B3, niacin |
| FAD | vitamin B, riboflavin |
| NADH | NAD that's carrying electrons |
| FADH2 | FAD that's carrying electrons |
| glycolysis | splitting a sugar into 2 pyruvates , creating NADH and ATP |
| glycolysis equation | glucose -> 2 NAD -> 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + energy |
| citric acid cycle | cutting 2 pyruvate into 6 carbon dioxide molecules, creating NADH and energy |
| CAC equation | 2 pyruvate + 10 NAD -> 6 CO2 + 10 NADH + energy |
| CAC production | 4 ATP and 12 NADH |
| CAC occurrence place | eukaryotic mitochondria, cytoplasm in Gram + and Gram - |
| glycolysis occurrence place | cytoplasm in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes |
| aerobic terminal electron acceptor | oxygen gas |
| electron transport chain occurrence place | mitochondrial inner membrane in eukaryotes and the plasma membrane of prokaryotes |
| electron transport chain equation | NADH + O2 -> NAD + H20 + energy |
| anaerobic respiration steps | glycolysis, CAC, ETC |
| anaerobic terminal electron acceptor | inorganic molecule that is not oxygen |
| fermentation | just glycolysis, no CAC or ETC |
| fermentation purpose | convert NADH back to NAD to restart glycolysis |
| fermentation terminal electron acceptor | pyruvates or its derivative |
| fermentation occurrence place | cytoplasm in eukaryotes and prokaryotes |
| reactive oxygen species | unstable molecules that contain oxygen gas and are produced by normal respiration |
Created by:
geasmith