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News Principles Q1
Review for New Priniclples Quiz One
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| First Amendment | Free exercise of speech, religion, press and the right to assemble |
| Fourth Amendment | No search and seizure without probable cause and a warrant |
| Privacy Protection Act of 1980 | Forbids federal and state law enforcement from searching for or seizing journalists' work product and documentary materials intended for public knowledge/consumption |
| FOIA (Freedom Of Information Act) | Allows any person to request access to records from federal executive branch agencies, promoting government transparency and accountability |
| PA Right To Know Law | Provides public access to government records; can be withheld due to risk of personal or public safety |
| PA Act 22 | Process for requesting audio and video recordings from law enforcement agencies (body cameras, dash cams) |
| Sunshine Law/Meetings Law | State and local government agencies to deliberate and take official actions, such as voting or binding decisions, in open, public meetings |
| Recording Laws (One-party consent) | Can record a private conversation, whether in person or over the phone, as long as that individual is one of the participants in the conversation. Most common in the US. States: AL, AK, AZ, AR, CO, GA, HI, ID |
| Recording Laws (All party consent) | Every person involved in a conversation must give permission before their communication can be legally recorded, whether in-person or on the phone. States: CA, DE, FL, IL, MD, MA, MT, NV, NH, PA, WA, MI |
| Recording Laws (Implied consent) | A person’s action, specifically, continuing a conversation after being notified it is being recorded, are interpreted as agreement to the recording, even without a verbal "yes". Used across almost all the US |
| Universal Declaration of Human Rights Act 19 | The fundamental right to freedom of opinion and expression, meaning everyone has the right to hold views without interference and to seek, receive, and share information and ideas through any media, across borders, without censorship. |
| Censorship in Journalism | The suppression of news or information by governments, entities, or self-regulation, limiting public knowledge and discourse Examples: bans, legal pressure, biased reporting, or self-censorship driven by fear or corporate interests |
| Opinion in Journalism | Writers express personal views, analyze events, or attempt to persuade audiences, differing from objective reporting by offering subjective commentary |
| Advocacy in Journalism | Supporting a specific cause, viewpoint, or social change, aiming to influence public opinion and action, often focusing on social justice, human rights, or environmental issues, and giving voice to marginalized groups |
| Editorial in Journalism | The official, collective opinion of a news publication's editorial board on a current,, often controversial issue, aiming to persuade readers, influence public opinion, and promote critical thinking |
| Reportage/News in Journalism | Act, technique, or collection of reported news, often involving in-depth, on-the-scene documentation, or a narrative style that goes beyond simple breaking news to tell a deeper story through text, video, or photography |
| Qualities In The 10 Most Censored Countries | Absolute State Control/Monopoly, Restrictions on internet access and etc; Arbitrary detention/imprisonment, Propaganda Mouthpieces, Surveillance and Hacking, and Restricted Foreign Entry |
| Four Links Between Democracy and Journalism | 1. Informing the public 2. Accountability: monitoring government actions, exposing corruption 3. Public Deliberation 4. Promoting Civic Engagement/Participation |
| Noam Chomsky's "Manufacturing Consent" Five Filters | 1. Ownership and Profit Orientation 2. Advertising (Funding) 3. Sourcing 4. Flak: negative responses, complaints, lawsuits, or actions taken against media outlets 5. Common Enemy/Ideology |
| Maynard's Fault Lines | Focused on the five Fault Lines of race, class, gender, generation and geography because he believed they were the most enduring forces that have shaped social tensions since the founding of this nation and influence our bias and journalism |
| Objectivity in Journalism | Impartial, evidence-based "scientific method" for reporting Criticism: arguing it is an unattainable ideal that often masks subjective viewpoints, promotes false balance, and perpetuates bias. Support: necessary, disciplined, and verifiable truth |
| The Arrest of Journalists | Due to allegations of trespassing, failing to disperse, or obstructing law enforcement. These arrests can stem from clashes with police over access to public areas or from state actions to silence critical reporting |
| Four Functions of Journalism | To Inform (News Reporting), To Interpret and Educate (Contextualizing), To Mantain Accountability, and To Entertain |
| Nellie Bly | 19th-century investigative journalist who revolutionized the field with her "stunt" reporting, undercover exposés, and advocacy for the vulnerable. "Ten Days in A Mad House" |
| Noam Chomsky | Media critic whose work, particularly the "propaganda model" in Manufacturing Consent, argues that corporate media acts as a propaganda system for elite interests |
| William Randolph Hearst | American media mogul who revolutionized journalism by developing the nation’s largest newspaper chain and pioneering "yellow journalism" |
| Walter Lippmann | Father of modern journalism for analyzing the relationship between media, reality, and public opinion. He pioneered critical media theory, coined the term "stereotype," and advocated for objective, disinterested, and ethical reporting |
| Ted Turner | Founded CNN in 1980 and created the first 24-hour cable news channel and shifting the industry from scheduled, top-of-the-hour updates to continuous, real-time coverage |
| 10 Most Censored Countries | Eritrea, North Korea, Turkmenistan, Saudi Arabia, China, Vietnam, Iran, Equatorial Guinea, Belarus, Cuba |
| Zurcher v. Stanford Daily | U.S. Supreme Court case that established that the First Amendment does not protect newsrooms from, or create special exemptions for the press against, search warrants |
| Don Lemon | Arrested by federal agents while at an ICE protest at a Minnesota church; caused debate about First Amendment right in present day journalism |
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