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Exam 1 Earth Science

Minerals

TermDefinition
Minerals criteria naturally occuring, solid, crystalline, define chemical composition, inorganic
mineraloids naturally occuring, solid, but lack regular arrangment of atoms
lattices crystalline structure and arrangement determines shape. Organized is mineral, not is mineraloid
core mainly iron, some nickel
mantle mostly oxygen, mangensium, silicion (OMS)
crust mostly oxygen, silicon, alumimun (OSA)
oceans oxygen with disolved salts, calcium carbonoate, and phosophates
atmosphere mostly nitrogen and oxygen
Most abundant mineral silicates
silicon-oxygen tetrahedron one silicion surrounded by 4 oxygen. Covalent bonding. Carries 4 negative charges
native minerals mainly metals like gold or copper that aren't paired with anything. Single element
polymorphs minerals that have same chemical formula but different bondings
crystal properties differentiate by angles by which they meet and how long each side is
euhedral shape well from crystal faces on all sides
subhedral shape have some crystal faces
anhedral shape have no crystal faces
polymorphisim ability of compound to form more than one type of crystal
hardness reflect average strength of bonds of minerals. How easily you can scratch
Moh Scale Talc, gypsum, calcite, flourite, apatite, feldspar, quartz, topaz, corundum, diamond
density reflects the packing of atoms and the average atomic weight of the constituent atoms
color practically useless to identify, caused by impurities
streak scrapping it against something to see color
luster quality and intensity of light relfected from the mineral
metallic looks like metal
non metallic doesn't look like metal
cleavage mineral breaks prefernetially in a certain direction. Directions are planes of weakest bond.
fracture zero cleavage
other useful properties magnetic, taste, smell, reactive to acid
thin section thin slice of rock sample glued to a piece of glass
petrographic microscope used to study thin sections with transmitted polarized ligher under high magnification
photomicrograph photo taken through the lens of a petrographic microscope
Created by: omckenna52
 

 



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