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PSY 365-Lecture 7
Aesthetics of Writing
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Aesthetics in writing draws the distinction between these | beauty and meaning |
| Beauty deals with | aesthetics |
| Meaning deals with | purpose |
| Stanovich and West: _____ measures how much you recognize authors/ books and predicts reading ability -are specific to fiction | print exposure |
| ____ ____ change how we remember text. Zwaan (1994) gave people same text, but told them it was a "newspaper" or "narrative tell" | Reader goals |
| From reader goals, people that were told it was newspaper= | remembered events more |
| From reader goals, people that were told it was a narrative tale= | remembered language more |
| Form Alters Feelings: Hanauer (2018): Literature engages emotions. Gave soldier narratives- told as poetry or prose, and presented as fact or fiction | People felt more empathy and sympathy for factual, poetic info. |
| David Home (1787): argued that we develop "taste" for literature, based on | experience, beauty judgements not " in the object" but "in the person" |
| Belfi, Vessel and Starr (2018): studied what makes people enjoy poems, based on vividness, valence, arousal, appeal. Higher vividness | predicted greater appeal (true for sonnets) |
| Belfi, Vessel and Starr (2018): studied what makes people enjoy poems, based on vividness, valence, arousal, appeal. Positive valence | predicted greater appeal (true for haiku) |
| What about Prose?: Sadoski, Goetz, and Rodriguez (2000): used 4 types of writing and examined concreteness. Concrete= | easy to visualize, uses examples -concrete's texts more interesting in all 4 types of writing |
| What about Prose?: Sadoski, Goetz, and Rodriguez (2000): used 4 types of writing and examined concreteness. Abstract= | give general idea, no examples |
| In fiction, the characters often affect our enjoyment: Maslej, Oatley, and Mar (2017): engaging characters are | -people we identify with -likeable -complex -we also like them that are similar to us |
| People who liked writing fiction | wrote more interesting and complex characters -Similarity, people who liked writing poetry wrote more interesting and complex characters |
| Gerrig, Love, and McKoon (2009): When Judy not explained, people responded very fast to her name later on. When explained, | people responded more slowly. -Suggests the mysterious stays active in our minds while reading |
| Characters' personalities affect | action in meaningful ways, just as with real life people |
| Levorato and Nemesio (2005): Read story, used 3 different versions that varied whether or when the key info. about the murder appeared-manipulating surprise and coherence at the end. Found that reading enjoyment depended strongly on: | -feeling they violated expectations -thinking it was coherent at the end -the factors were weakly correlated -basically, we like surprises, but want it to make sense in the end |
| Affective Disposition Theory (Zillmann and Cantor, 1976) | bad ends for bad people are enjoyable, as are good ends for good people-informed by moral values |
| Antihero | have heroic and villainous qualities and act in morally ambiguous ways to reach sometimes noble goals -we like them-problem for ADT |
| Shafer and Raney (2011): we identify antiheroes as the hero in a bad situation | -at first, we don't like them, then we grow over time -Moral disengagement cues |
| Moral disengagement cues | stuff's so bad, you should turn off your morality sense |
| Narcissism | entitlement, grandiosity, and self-absorption |
| Machiavellianism | manipulative, cynical, and strategic in exploiting others for personal gain |
| Psychopathy | impulsive, callous, and lacking empathy or remorse |
| Heroes were rated as | more admirable than antiheroes, who in turn more admirable than villains |
| Dark Traid traits and sadism predicted | greater liking of antiheroes and villains |
| For antiheroes, the highest "dark trait" levels | made them similar to heroes |
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