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Unit 8

Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, and Landforms

TermDefinition
Weathering the natural process by which atmospheric and environmental agents, such as wind, rain, and temperature changes, disintegrate and decompose rocks
Physical weathering the mechanical breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces that is caused by natural processes and that does not change the chemical composition of the rock material
Abrasion the process by which rock is reduced in size by the scraping action of other rocks driven by water, wind, and gravity
Chemical weathering the chemical breakdown and decomposition of rocks by natural processes in the environment
Oxidation a chemical reaction in which a material combines with oxygen to form new material; in geology, oxidation is a form of chemical weathering
Acid precipitation precipitation, such as rain, sleet, or snow, that contains a high concentration of acids, often because of the pollution of the atmosphere
Erosion the process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another
Deposition the process in which material is laid down
Floodplain an area along a river that forms from sediments deposited when the river overflows its banks
Delta a mass of material deposited in a triangular or fan shape at the mouth of a river or stream
Alluvial fan a fan-shaped mass of rock material deposited by a stream when the slope of the land decreases sharply
Groundwater the water that is beneath Earth’s surface
Shoreline the boundary between land and a body of water
Beach an area of the shoreline that is made up of deposited sediment
Sandbar a low ridge of sand deposited along the shore of a lake or sea
Barrier island a long ridge of sand or narrow island that lies parallel to the shore
 



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