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RAD 110 Exam 2
Part 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| _________ are useful for describing the location of various abdominal organs | Quadrants |
| Four quadrants | Right upper quadrant (RUQ) |
| Four quadrants | Right lower quadrant (RLQ) |
| Four quadrants | Left upper quadrant (LUQ) |
| Four quadrants | Left lower quadrant (LLQ) |
| Superior regions | Right hypochondrium |
| Superior regions | Epigastrium |
| Superior regions | Left hypochondrium |
| Middle regions | Right lateral |
| Middle regions | Umbilical |
| Middle regions | Left lateral |
| Inferior regions | Right inguinal |
| Inferior regions | Hypogastrium |
| Inferior regions | Left inguinal |
| Body Habitus | Defined as the common variations in the shape of the human body |
| habitus determines | size, shape, and position of organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities |
| 4 types of body habitus | Sthenic |
| 4 types of body habitus | Hyposthenic |
| 4 types of body habitus | Asthenic |
| 4 types of body habitus | Hypersthenic |
| What percent of the population is Sthenic? | 50% |
| What percent of the population is Hyposthenic? | 35% |
| What percent of the population is Asthenic? | 10% |
| What percent of the population is Hypersthenic? | 5% |
| What are the two processes for bone development? | Intermembranous ossification |
| What are the two processes for bone development? | Endochondral ossification |
| Intermembranous ossification | develops from fibrous membranes |
| Intermembranous ossification | produces flat bones |
| Intermembranous ossification | not joined until after birth |
| Endochondral ossification | develops from hyaline cartilage |
| Endochondral ossification | produces short, irregular, and long bones |
| Endochondral ossification | two distinct centers of development: primary and secondary |
| Primary Endochondral Ossification | begins before birth |
| Primary Endochondral Ossification | forms long central shaft (diaphysis) in long bones |
| Secondary Endochondral Ossification | occurs after birth |
| Secondary Endochondral Ossification | separate bones develop at both ends of long bones, ends are called epiphyses |
| Secondary Endochondral Ossification | Epiphyseal plate eventually forms Epiphyseal line forms when they completely join |
| Classification of Bones (5 shapes) | Long |
| Classification of Bones (5 shapes) | Short |
| Classification of Bones (5 shapes) | Flat |
| Classification of Bones (5 shapes) | Irregular |
| Classification of Bones (5 shapes) | Sesamoid |
| Long bones | Consist of body and two enlarged articular ends. Found only in limbs |
| Short bones | Consist mainly of cancellous bone with a thin outer layer of compact bone |
| Flat bones | Consist of two plates of compact bones. Middle layer of cancellous bone called diploë |
| Irregular bones | Peculiarly shaped |
| Sesamoid bones | Very small and oval shaped, develops inside and beside tendons, and protects the tendon from excessive wear |
| Example of long bones | Femur and Humerus |
| Example of short bones | carpal bones of wrist and tarsal bones of the ankles |
| Example of flat bones | Sternum, Ribs, Scapula and Cranium |
| Example of irregular bones | Vertebrae and Facial bones, Pelvis |
| Example of sesamoid bones | patella |
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