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F1 Family
Explanations of the family
| According to the Functionalist Murdock, what are the four Functions of the Family? | Reproductive, Sexual, Education, Economic |
| According to the Functionalist Parsons, what are the two Functions of the Family? | Primary Socialisation, Stabilisation of Adult Personality |
| What is Primary Socialisation? | The process of internalising a families norms and values through the bonds of kinship |
| What is Stabilisation of Adult Personality? | Adults need a person with different, but complementary, skills to survive the stresses of modern industrialised society. Sometimes called Warm Bath Theory. Women are Expressive while men are Instrumental |
| According to the Functionalist Parsons, how did Industrialisation impact the family? | The structure changed from Classic Extended to Private Nuclear, Smaller families for easier Geographical Mobility, easier Social Mobility and Meritocracy, More Wealth and Welfare, Warm Bath Theory |
| What is a Classic Extended Family? | Several Nuclear Families and family members living in the same household |
| What is a Private Nuclear Family? | Self reliant family unity that is isolated from community life and extended kin |
| What is Industrialisation? | The period of social change from farming and agriculture to specialised manufacturing and mass production. Occurred first in the UK in the early 1800s |
| What functions of the family does Functionalist Parsons believe have been reduced by Industrialisation? | Leisure activity, reproduction, child care, education, health care, well being. |
| How does Functionalist Fletcher disagree with Parsons? | He believes the family now has more responsibilities. Industrialisation has increased the power and effectiveness of the government, which intervenes to ensure families are carrying out their roles |
| Name three policies that back up Fletcher's argument | Local Authority Social Services Act 1970: officially created 'social workers', Child Support Agency 1993: Absent fathers were required to pay maintenance, Children Act 1989: outlined who was responsible for ensuring children's wellbeings |
| According to the Marxist Engels, what are the two Functions of the Family? | Protect Inheritance: Family gives the bourgeoisie a legitimate excuse not to share wealth and Monogamy is used to legitimise children Purchasable Prostitutes: Men exchange financial security for exclusive sex, only rich men can afford the best women |
| How does the Marxist Engels suggest that the family has changed? | Promiscuous Hoard to Nuclear Family: Before Capitalism emerged through Industrialisation, people lived in a primitive communism with no private property, and no concept of exclusive partners or family. |
| According to the Neo Marxist Althusser, how is the family an Ideological State Apparatus? | The family is a non government institution that teaches people to accept Capitalism and ruling class ideology through Hegemony |
| According to the Neo Marxist Zaretsky, what are the three Functions of the Family? | Domestic Care of Future Labour, Emotional Security from Capitalism, Acceptance of Authority |
| What is Domestic Care of Future Labour? | Women internalise that it is their responsibility to raise children to be the next generation of workers |
| What is Emotional Security from Capitalism? | The family provides an obedient wife and children for husband so he can relax and feel in control, so he does not revolt |
| What is Acceptance of Authority? | Children are socialised into thinking authority is normal and following orders cannot be questioned |
| According to the Liberal Feminist Oakley, what are the two Functions of the Family? | Gender Socialisation, Encourage Dependency and Domesticity |
| What is Gender Socialisation? | The majority of differences between Men and Women are internalised through institutions like the family. Masculine identity benefits men, feminine harms women. The family socialises gender through: Manipulation, Verbal Appellations and Canalisation |
| What is Encourage Dependency and Domesticity? | Feminine traits internalised through the family (Passivity, nurturing, caring about appearance) encourages women to be domestic and makes them less successful in the workplace. This means they will be more financially reliant on men and at risk of abuse |
| How does the Liberal Feminist, Oakley, suggest that the family has changed? | Policy and Social Changes have given women greater independence within the workplace and home |
| Name three Policies that back up Oakley's argument | Divorce Reform Act 1969: Made divorce easier, Equal Pay Act 1970: Ensured women were paid equally to men, R vs R 1991: Made it so a husband could be found guilty of raping his wife, etc |
| According to the Radical Feminist, Greer, what is the Function of the Family? | Root of Patriarchy: Patriarchy stems from the Mother-Father dynamic, which models sexist gender norms to children whilst forcing women to face the 'dark side' of the family. |
| How does the Radical Feminist, Greer, suggest that the family should change to prevent Patriarchy? | Not laws and policies, instead a radical change in norms and values is needed. Women should avoid men and family life and engage in 'Lesbian Seperatism' |
| According to the Marxist Feminist, Ansley, what are the two Functions of the Family? | Double exploitation: Women are exploited at work by pay gaps and Capitalism, and at home by domestic tasks and husbands. Takers of Shit: Family provides men with dependent and passive women to take their rage out on to prevent revolution |
| How is the New Right different to Functionalists in regards to family? | The New Right argue that the purpose of the family is the same as Functionalist: the family is a natural institution that is necessary for society to function. However, they believe that the family is not currently functioning correctly |
| What are the New Right views on Marriage? | Marriage has an important role, it makes the family stronger through commitment, more stable and better at carrying out their role |
| According to the New Right thinker, Marsland, what is Dependency Culture? | The welfare state is too generous and acts a a perverse incentive of convincing the working class not to work, be lazy and lack self-sufficiency |
| According to the New Right thinker, Murray, what is the Underclass and why is it bad? | A class subculture with the lowest wealth and status in society. Lazy, unemployed, benefit claimants, lone parent mothers and absent fathers with poor parenting skills which lead to petty crime. |
| According to the New Right thinker, Murray, what is Harmful Family Diversity? | New, non traditional family types, without the traditional heterosexual Mother-Father roles cannot correctly raise children or provide support to both partners. Recent family diversity has lead to increase in crime, educational failure, unemployment etc |
| According to the Post Modernist, Hareven, how should we study the family? | Individual Life Course Analysis: We should not study the family, we should study the individuals within the family. Sociologists should not make assumptions about the family as individuals can choose what the family means to them. |
| According to the Post Modernist, Stacey, what is the Divorce Extended Family? | Families have diversified from Patriarchal, Nuclear Families to new family types based on choice, Choice to marry, divorce, remarry, adopt, keep or disown family members etc |
| What study did the Post Modernist, Stacey, do? | Silicone Valley Case Studies. Women were decision makers in families, not men, they rejected domestic roles and went to work and had freedoms to chose the life they wanted |
| According to the Post Modernist, Beck-Gernsheim, what are Pure Relationships and Confluent Love? | Romantic Love and Traditional Relationships replaced by Confluent Love and Pure Relationships: an emotional and sexual bond that lasts for as long as needs are being met. Partners love each other, not because of external pressures or socialisation |
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Skyelark
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