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Chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Natural supports | Resources in a persons environment that can be used as support |
| Intellectual functioning | a person's general mental capacity to learn, reason, problem-solve, plan, think abstractly, and comprehend complex ideas |
| Adaptive behavior | the collection of conceptual, social, and practical skills that individuals learn and perform to function independently in their daily lives |
| Social intelligence | the ability to understand, navigate, and effectively manage complex social environments, relationships, and interpersonal interactions |
| Practical intelligence | the ability to adapt to, shape, or select new environments to successfully manage everyday tasks and solve real-world problems |
| Moderate | average in amount, intensity, quality, or degree. |
| Mild | not severe, serious, or harsh |
| Severe | (of something bad or undesirable) very great; intense |
| Profound | Something very intense |
| Intellectual disabilities | a condition characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning (learning, reasoning, problem-solving) and adaptive behavior (everyday social and practical life skills) |
| Prenatal | Before birth |
| Perinatal | At the time of birth |
| Postnatal | After birth |
| Chromosomal disorders | a congenital genetic condition caused by abnormalities in the number or structure of chromosomes |
| Down syndrome | a genetic condition caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21), resulting in 47 chromosomes instead of the typical 46 |
| Chromosomes | thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells, composed of DNA tightly coiled around proteins called histones |
| Trisomy 21 | a common genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 (three instead of two), resulting in physical, developmental, and intellectual disabilities |
| Maternal serum screening | Maternal serum screening is a safe, non-invasive blood test offered during pregnancy (usually 15–22 weeks) to assess the risk of fetal chromosomal abnormalities |
| Michal translucency ultrasound | a non-invasive, optional first-trimester screening test performed between 11 and 14 weeks of pregnancy to measure the clear, fluid-filled space at the back of a baby's nec |
| Aminocentesis | a prenatal diagnostic procedure, typically performed between 15 and 20 weeks of pregnancy, where a small amount of amniotic fluid is removed from the uterus for testing |
| Spina bifida | Condition where spinal column fails to close |
| CVS | a first-trimester prenatal diagnostic test, typically performed between 10 and 14 weeks of pregnancy, that removes a small sample of placental tissue (chorionic villi) to detect genetic conditions like Down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, or chromosome abnorma |
| Fragil X syndrome | a common inherited genetic disorder causing intellectual disabilities, developmental delays, and behavioral challenges, often with more severe effects in males than females |
| Prader-Willi syndrome | a rare genetic disorder characterized by poor muscle tone and feeding issues in infancy, followed by an insatiable appetite (hyperphagia) and excessive weight gain starting in early childhood, leading to obesity |
| Williams disease | a rare genetic, neurodevelopmental disorder present at birth caused by a microdeletion on chromosome 7 |
| Inborn errors of metabolism | rare, inherited genetic disorders where the body cannot properly turn food into energy due to defective or missing enzymes |
| PKU | Inability to convert phenylalanine into tyrosine |
| Microcephalus | Head is abnormally small |
| Hydrocephalus | Accumulating cerebrospinal fluid inside or outside the brain |
| FASD | Wide range of disorders due to fetuses being exposed to alcohol during development |
| FAS | Fetal alcohol syndrome |
| Anoxia | Complete deprivation of oxygen |
| LBW | Baby being born at a lower than average weight |
| Syphilis | STD that can be passed from mother to baby |
| Herpes complex | STD that can be passed from mother to baby |
| Mental age | Age which a person functions |
| Chronological age | Actual age |
| WM | Ability to keep information in your mind |
| Self regulation | Ability to regulate one’s own behavior |
| Metacognition | Awareness of what strategies are needed to perform a task |
| Behavioral phenotypes | Behavioral characteristics |
| Explicit instruction | Being clear it’s t and precise as possible |
| Systematic instruction | Involves the teacher |
| Sheltered workshop | Structured environment in which a person receives training |
| Supported competitive employment | a model that helps individuals with significant disabilities secure and maintain community-based,, competitive jobs—paying at least minimum wage—alongside non-disabled peers |
| Job coach | Someone who helps you find a job |
| Self determination | Ability to act autonomously |
| Learned helplessness | a psychological state where an individual continuously faces uncontrollable, negative situations and stops trying to change their circumstances, even when opportunities for change become available |
Created by:
Marshallc04