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science 3.0
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| _Matter_ | Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume). |
| _Element_ | Substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. |
| _Atom_ | Smallest piece of an element that retains its physical and chemical properties. |
| _Compound_ | 2 or more different elements chemically combined. |
| _Molecule_ | Smallest unit of a substance that keeps all the physical and chemical properties of the substance. |
| _Pure Substance_ | Matter that has a fixed composition and definite properties. |
| _Mixture_ | A combination of 2 or more substances that are not chemically combined. |
| _Particle_ | An umbrella term used to describe a substance. |
| Homogeneous mixture is uniform composition throughout, heterogeneous mixture is not uniform and looks like it is composed of different substances. Homogeneous mixture is uniform composition throughout, heterogeneous mixture is not uniform and looks like | |
| Describe the Bohr model of an atom. | Neutrons and Protons in the center or nucleus of the atom, electrons in circular orbits around the center. |
| How does the modern theory of the atom differ from the Bohr model? | Orbitals instead of orbits. Orbitals are areas around the nucleus (not orbiting the nucleus like the planets orbit the sun) where electrons are likely to be found. |
| What information is given by the atomic number? | Number of protons (equal to number of electrons for neutral atoms) |
| What information is given by the atomic mass? | Atomic Mass= # of protons + # of Neutrons |
| What are isotopes? | Forms of an element- same number of protons and electrons, different number of neutrons. Different mass number. |
| Compare and contrast Uranium-235 and Uranium-238. | Both have 92 protons and 92 electrons. Uranium-235 has 143 neutrons while uranium-238 has 146 neutrons |
| What are ions? | Ions are charged particles. Meaning, the number of protons no longer equal the number of electrons, giving the atom a charge. |
| What are cations? How are cations formed? | Cations= positively charged ions Cations are formed by losing electrons. |
| What are anions? How are anions formed? | Anions= negatively charged ions Anions are formed by adding electrons. |
| What are the metalloids and where are these elements found on the periodic table? | Touch the stairsteps- have properties of both metals and nonmetals |
| Rows - periods. Columns- groups or families | |
| What do the elements in a chemical family have in common? | Similar chemical properties because they have the same number of valence electrons. |
| How does the radius of a chlorine atom compare to the radius of a sodium atom? How does the radius of a cesium atom compare to a sodium atom? In general, as you move from left to right across a row, how does the radius of the atoms change? As you move fro | -Chlorine atom has a smaller radius than a sodium atom. -A cesium atom has a larger radius than a sodium atom. As you go down (top to bottom) of the PT atoms get larger, this is because as you go down atoms are gaining energy levels as well as protons a |
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