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Proteins

Chapter 3 - A & P Lecture

QuestionAnswer
what are integral membrane proteins? embedded proteins that often span the membrane
what are peripheral membrane proteins? proteins attached to membrane surfaces
what determines protein function? 3D shape and chemical properties
what are marker molecules? glycoproteins or glycolipids for identification
function of cadherins? attach cells to other cells
function of integrins? attach cells to extracellular molecules
characteristics of transport proteins? specificity, competition, saturation
what does saturation mean? transport rate limited by number of carriers
what are channel proteins? integral proteins forming passageways
what determines what passes through a channel? size, shape, and charge
difference between leak and gated channels? leak always open; gated open/close with stimulus
what disorder affects chloride channels? cystic fibrosis
steps of carrier protein transport? 1. bind 2. change shape 3. release 4. reset
uniporter? moves one substance
symporter? moves two substances same direction
antiporter? moves two substances opposite directions
what power ATP pumps? ATP hydrolysis
what happens during ATP hydrolysis? energy released charges protein shape
what are receptor proteins? proteins that bind specific chemical signals
what happens when ligands bind receptors? cellular response is triggered
subunits of G proteins? alpha(α), beta(β), gamma(γ)
what activates the α subunit? GDP replaced with GTP
3 actions of activated α subunit? chemical signals, ion channels, enzyme activation
where can membrane enzymes function? inner or outer membrane surface
example of membrane enzyme function? digestion of dipeptides in small intestine
 

 



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