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Basics & Membrane

Chapter 3 - A & P Lecture

QuestionAnswer
what are the three general parts of a cell? plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm
what is the function of the plasma membrane? separates cell from environments and regulates interaction
what is the function of the nucleus? directs cell activities
what is the cytoplasm? area between membrane and nucleus containing organelles
what is cell metabolism? all chemical reactions occurring in the cell
what molecules do cells synthesize? proteins, nucleic acids, lipids
how do cells communicate? electrical and chemical signals
what role does DNA play in cells? determines structural and functional characteristics
why can't cells be seen with the naked eye? they are too small
resolution of a light microscope? `0.1um
what does a light microscope require? stains
resolution of an electron microscope? `0.1nm
what does SEM show? 3D surface features
what does TEM show? internal cell structures
what does an atomic force microscope do? uses a probe to scan surfaces at very high resolution
main function of the plasma membrane? boundary between intracellular and extracellular environments
what is membrane potential? electrical charge difference across membrane
why is the outside of the membrane positive? more positive ions outside
why is the inside of the membrane negative? more negative ions and proteins inside
main components of the plasma membrane? lipids and proteins, small amount of carbohydrates
what is the glycocalyx? carbohydrate layer of glycolipids and glycoproteins
main membrane lipids? phospholipids and cholesterol
orientation of phospholipids? hydrophilic heads outward, hydrophobic tails inward
role of cholesterol? regulates membrane fluidity and stability
what is the fluid-mosaic model? describes flexible, dynamic membrane structure
 

 



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