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Anemia Disorders

QuestionAnswer
Iron Deficiency Anemia The most common anemia. Causes include blood loss, poor diet, malabsorption. Labs show ↓ Hb, ↓ Hct, ↓ ferritin, ↑ TIBC.
Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia due to lack of folate for RBC synthesis. Caused by diet, pregnancy, ETOH. Presents with glossitis, fatigue, macrocytic RBCs.
Pernicious Anemia Autoimmune B12 deficiency due to lack of intrinsic factor. Causes neurologic damage, glossitis, macrocytic anemia.
Aplastic Anemia Bone marrow failure causing pancytopenia (↓RBCs, ↓WBCs, ↓Plts). Results from toxicity, radiation, autoimmune.
General Anemia Signs Fatigue, hypoxemia, tachycardia, hypotension due to decreased RBCs and tissue perfusion.
Key Sx Iron Deficiency Pallor, spoon nails, cheilitis, PICA, orthostatic hypotension, microcytic hypochromic RBCs.
Key Sx B12/Folate Glossitis, weight loss, fatigue, jaundice from macrocytic RBC hemolysis, neurologic signs (B12).
Diagnosis Iron Deficiency ↓Hb/Hct, ↓Ferritin, ↓MCV (microcytic), ↑TIBC. Guiac stool test for occult bleed.
Diagnosis B12/Folate ↑MCV (macrocytic). Check B12 & folate levels. Schilling test for pernicious anemia.
Nursing Interventions IDA Give iron PO/IM. Teach: take with Vit C, empty stomach, dark stools expected. High-iron diet.
Nursing Interventions Folate Folic acid replacement. Check B12 first. Diet: leafy greens, citrus, nuts.
Nursing Interventions B12 B12 replacement. Pernicious anemia needs lifelong IM injections. Diet: animal proteins, dairy.
Complications of Anemia Tissue ischemia, hypovolemic shock, seizures, vision problems, psychosis.
Anemia Category IDA Blood-loss anemia.
Anemia Category B12/Folate Proliferative (megaloblastic) anemia.
Proliferative (hypoplastic) anemia.
Treatment Aplastic Anemia Erythropoietin alfa, stem cell transplant, neutropenic/bleeding precautions.
Packed RBC Transfusion Indicated if hemoglobin falls below 8 g/dL to restore oxygen-carrying capacity.
Oxygen Therapy in Anemia Provide 2L O2 if SpO2 falls below 95% to support tissue oxygenation.
Ferritin Role Protein for iron storage. Produced by the spleen and liver.
Spleen Function Filters old RBCs, stores platelets (~33%), immune functions, ferritin production.
Created by: Wasurenboh
 

 



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