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Unit 7 Survival
Survival in Diverse Ecosystem
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| adaptation | the process or product of the process by which the traits of a population change over time to better fit the environment in which the population lives |
| cell | the basic unit of life; a collection of organic matter (cytoplasm) surrounded by a membrane, containing biomolecules such as DNA and proteins, and which has the ability to metabolize and replicate itself |
| population | a group of interbreeding organisms of the same species within an environment |
| reproductive success | the passing of genes onto the next generation in a way that too can pass those genes on; a tally of the number of offspring produced by an individual |
| species | a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding |
| trait | specific variations in the characteristics of organisms received from a parent or ancestor by genetic transmission |
| variation | the differences in genetic, phenotypic, or structural characteristics between individuals of the same species or within populations |
| migration | usually seasonal, long-distance, and highly directional movement of individuals or populations between separate habitats to optimize survival and reproduction |
| hibernation | a state of deep, seasonal torpor characterized by significantly reduced metabolic activity, body temperature, heart rate, and respiration. Used by animals to survive winter food shortages and extreme cold |
| physiological adaptation | internal and/or cellular features of anorganism that enable them to survive (bodily processes) |
| behavioral adaptation | things an animal does to survive |
| structural adaptation | physical features that allow an organism to survive |
| mutation | permanent change in the DNA sequence that occur spontaneously during DNA replication or are induced by environmental factors like radiation. Mutations drive genetic variation, evolution, and can lead to new proteins. |
| natural selection | a fundamental mechanism of evolution where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring |
| biodiversity | the complexity and number of species in an environment |
| ecosystem | the biotic and abiotic resources provided to support specific populations in a community |
| abiotic | the non-living physical and chemical parts of an ecosystem that affect living organisms and the functioning of the environment. These factors include elements like sunlight, water, soil, air, temperature, and minerals. |
| biotic | all living or once-living components of an ecosystem that shape their environment, including animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria. |
| organism | an individual form of life, such as a plant, animal, bacterium, protist, or fungus; a body made up of organs, organelles, or other parts that work together to carry on the various processes of life |
| sustainability | the ability of an ecosystem to maintain long-term stability and propagate itself without inputs from outside the system |
| camouflage | a structural adaptation allowing organisms to blend into their surroundings using color, pattern, or shape. |
| mimicry | an adaptation in which one organism (the mimic) develops physical traits, behaviors, or sounds that resemble another organism or object (the model) to gain a survival advantage. |
| natural selection | Variation exists in a population. The environment “selects” helpful traits. Organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce. Helpful traits increase over generations. |
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