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Human Anatomy

Integumentary system

QuestionAnswer
Functions of the skin? (5 PISST) Protection Thermoregulation Synthesis Sensation immunity
(Functions of the skin) Protection? unbroken skin first line of defense
(Functions of the skin) Thermoregulation? Maintains body temperature
(Functions of the skin) Synthesis? building up/ vitamin D3
(Functions of the skin) Sensation? Detection of touch, pressure, pain, temperature
(Functions of the skin) Immunity? Contains cells that destroy pathogens before reaching deeper tissue (keeping bacteria out)
Two true layers of skin? Epidermis and Dermis
Stratified squamous epithelium? Epidermis
Papillary layer (areolar connective tissue) and reticular layer (dense irregular layer)? Dermis
Underlying layer? Hypodermis Subcutaneous (SQ) layer
Not considered part of the integument Site for SQ injections? Hypodermis
The epidermis is made of ? Keratinocytes
Produced keratin (fibrous protein) water-resistant, found in all layers (except stratum basale) ? Keratinocytes
Two types of an epidermis? Thin skin & thick skin
Most of the body (has 4 layers)? Thin skin
Palms of hands, sole of feet, lips (5 layers) (stratum lucidom) Thick skin
Layers of the epidermis deep to superficial? (5) Stratum Basale Stratum Spinosum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Corneum
highly mitotic precursors of keratinocytes living tissue contains Merkel cells (touch) & Melanocytes (pigmentation)? Stratum Basale
Dendritic cells (macrophages)? Stratum Spinosum
Grainy appearance due to accumulation of keratohyalin? Stratum Granulosum
Only in thick skin? Stratum Lucidum
Dead outer layer? Stratum Corneum
Papillary layer consists of and contains? areolar tissue contains capillaries, lymphatic vessels, nerves
Reticular layer? same as papillary layer but has sweat glands and hair follicles. strong layer
Damage to blood vessels resulting in "black and blue" bruising? Contusion
Hypodermis? Subcutaneous layer separates skin from deeper stabilizes skin allows movement Dominated by adipose
Location for SQ injections ? Hypodermis
Genetic factors in skin color? Amount of melanin Size of melanin granules Vitiligo
Vitiligo? Loss of melanocytes and color
Physiological factors of skin color? Dilation of dermal blood vessels (hemoglobin) Dermal blood vessels Accumulation of carotene Erythemia Cyanosis jaundice
Environmental Factors of skin color? Sunlight UV from sunlamps x-rays Darkens melanin
Melanin from amino acid tyrosine Packages melanin in vesicles (melanosomes) Occurs in stratum basale & Spinosum in light skinned people Stratum granulosum in darked skinned people Melanocytes
3 skin cancers? Basal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Melanoma
Basal cell carcinoma? Most common fair skinned sun exposure grows slowly metastasize most people survive
Squamous cell carcinoma? 2nd most common darker skin sun exposure grows slowly more likely to spread.
Melanoma ? Cancer of melanocytes less common often metastasizes early detection 99% Late detection 14%
Accessory organs of the skin? Hair follicles Exocrine glands Nails
Hair follicles? Hair protection delicate touch sensation
Nails? Protect and support tips of fingers and toes
Exocrine glands? Thermoregulation Excretion of waste Lubrication of epidermis
What are the 3 hair layers? Cuticle Cortex Medulla
outermost layer made of keratin (protein) in hair? Cuticle
Middle layer with HARD keratin for stiffness in hair? Cortex
Core with flexible SOFT keratin in skin? Medulla
The hair regions are? Hair shaft Hair root
in the hair region this is exposed but extends into follicles? Hair shaft
In the hair regions this is anchoring portion where growth occurs? Hair root
ALWAYS associated with hair follicles somewhat antimicrobial secrets SEBUM keeps skin soft and waterproof delivers vitamin E to facial skin? Sebaceous Glands
Two types of sweat glands? Eccrine Apocrine
Found in most areas of skin produce watery secretions with electrolytes thermoregulation antibacterial action? Eccrine sweat glands
Limited distribution (axillae, groin, nipples) Produce viscous secretion with complex composition Duct empties into hair follicles, orderless, until creates BO Includes Ceruminous glands and mammary glands? Apocrine sweat glands
What are the main parts of the nail? Nail bed Lunula Nail root Eponychium (cuticle) Hyponychium
The nail ? Protect exposed portions dead cells packed with keratin alter body metabolism used diagnostically
nails pitted and distorted? Psoriasis
Some blood disorder in nails? Concave
What are some of things the body does in temperature regulation when trying to stay cool? Vasodilation Radiation Evaporation Convection Conduction
Vasodilation? Increase lumen of blood vessels in dermis
Radiation? Heart loss from dermal blood vessels
Evaporation? Heat loss from sweat to air
Convection? heat loss from skin to air
Conduction? heat loss from skin to cooler surface
Hyperthermia? Abnormally high blood temperature
Temperature regulation on how to stay warm? Vasoconstriction Goosebumps Shivering
what are the 3 burns? 1st degree 2nd degree & 3rd Degree
1st degree burns? Superficial only on epidermis Pain and redness
2nd degree burns? Deep, dermis Blistering occurs
3rd Degree burns? Hypodermis Pale, charred or leathery Little sensation
1st degree burn frostbite? superficial epidermis Cyanosis and swelling
2nd degree burn frostbite? deep, dermis blistering appears skin is hyperthermic
3rd degree burn frostbite? Hypodermis Severe edema blooding numbness necrosis
Created by: hw0993422
 

 



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