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study guide diabetic

diabetics study guide

QuestionAnswer
Biguanides Examples Metformin (Glucophage)
Sulfonylureas Examples Glipizide, Glyburide
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) Examples Pioglitazone
SGLT2 Inhibitors Examples Canagliflozin
Biguanides Primary Action Reduces glucose production by the liver; increases insulin sensitivity
Sulfonylureas Primary Action Stimulates pancreas to release more insulin.
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) Primary Action Enhances insulin sensitivity in muscle/fat.
SGLT2 Inhibitors Primary Action Blocks glucose reabsorption in kidneys (pee out the sugar).
Biguanides Nursing Considerations Hold 48 hrs before/after IV contrast (risk of lactic acidosis).
Sulfonylureas Nursing Considerations High risk of hypoglycemia. Avoid alcohol (disulfiram-like reaction)
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) Nursing Considerations Can cause fluid retention; contraindicated in Heart Failure.
SGLT2 Inhibitors Nursing Considerations Monitor for UTIs and yeast infections due to glucose in urine.
Metformin + IV Contrast Dye (Interaction Pair) The Result Lactic Acidosis (Kidney failure risk)
Sulfonylureas + Alcohol (Interaction Pair) The Result Disulfiram-like Reaction
Insulin/Sulfonylureas + Beta Blockers (Interaction Pair) The Result Masked Hypoglycemia
Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors + Cane Sugar (Interaction Pair) The Result Ineffective Treatment
TZDs (Actos) + Heart Failure Meds (Interaction Pair) The Result Fluid Overload
Nursing Action--Metformin + IV Contrast Dye (Interaction Pair) Hold Metformin 48h before/after procedure.
Nursing Action--Sulfonylureas + Alcohol (Interaction Pair) Educate: No alcohol (causes severe vomiting/tachycardia).
Nursing Action--Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors + Cane Sugar (Interaction Pair) Treat low BS with Glucose tabs, not juice/candy.
Nursing Action--TZDs (Actos) + Heart Failure Meds (Interaction Pair) Monitor for edema, crackles in lungs, and rapid weight gain.
Nursing Action--insulin/Sulfonylureas + Beta Blockers (Interaction Pair) Monitor HR; teach patient to watch for sweating (diaphoresis)
If the patient has...Heart Failure (HF) DO NOT give... TZDs (Pioglitazone/Actos)
If the patient has...CKD / Renal Failure DO NOT give... Metformin & SGLT2s
If the patient has...Pancreatitis DO NOT give... GLP-1s & DPP-4s
If the patient has...Gastroparesis DO NOT give... GLP-1s (Ozempic/Mounjaro)
If the patient has...Sulfa Allergy DO NOT give... Sulfonylureas (Glipizide)
If the patient has..Medullary Thyroid Cancer DO NOT give... GLP-1s
If the patient has... DO NOT give... Heart Failure (HF) TZDs (Pioglitazone/Actos) WHY Causes fluid retention and edema, which worsens HF.
If the patient has... DO NOT give... CKD / Renal Failure Metformin & SGLT2s WHY Metformin risk for Lactic Acidosis; SGLT2s (flozins) lose efficacy.
If the patient has... DO NOT give... Pancreatitis GLP-1s & DPP-4s WHY Both classes stimulate the pancreas and increase inflammation risk.
If the patient has... DO NOT give... Gastroparesis GLP-1s (Ozempic/Mounjaro) WHY These drugs already slow the gut; they will "paralyze" it further.
If the patient has... DO NOT give... Sulfa Allergy Sulfonylureas (Glipizide) WHY Cross-sensitivity risk (they share a sulfonamide chain).
If the patient has... DO NOT give... Medullary Thyroid Cancer GLP-1s WHY Increased risk of thyroid C-cell tumors.
Created by: mmishue
 

 



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