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History
Quiz on industrial revolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Jethro Tull | Seed drill- mechanically planted seeds in uniform rows at a consistent depth |
| Richard Arkwright | Water frame- used water power to spin cotton thread in facotires |
| Cyrus McCormick | Mechanical reaper- harvested crops much fastr than hand tool |
| Thomas Newcomen | Steam engine- used steam power (from burning coal) to pump water out of mines |
| Thomas Edison | Incandescent Light Bulb- practical/affordiable electric light source for home and buisness |
| Samuel Morse | Electric Telegraph- sent messages through wires (morse code) |
| Eli Whitney | Cotton Gin- seperated the seeds from raw cotton debris |
| Edmund Cartwright | Wool Combing Machine- mechanised the textile process of straightening, cleaning, and aligning long wool fibers by removing impurities to make it smoothe |
| John Kay | Flying shuttle- a weaving machine that only requires one person to produce wider fabric |
| James Hargreaves | Spinny jenny- a multi-spindle machine that revolutionized textile production by allowing one worker to spin multiple threads |
| Robert Fulton | Steam boat- used steam power to make boats faster |
| Where did the indutrial revolution orginate & why there? | GB b/c there were many rivers, large supply of coal & iron, sheep-aided textile industries, island with many ports, large canal system |
| Why did the population initally incline? | b/c agricultural revolution, santiation, & end of bubonic plague (more ppl = more workers & customers) |
| Who were the investors & their capitals in Britain? | The investors (including landowners, merchants, early enterprisers) had capitals (the machinary required to produce goods) they were willing to risk on new businesses |
| How was Britains gov? | Well-established government Invested in a strong navy- helped to protect shipping industries Supported property rights, political freedom, and individuals |
| What started the revolution? | Farmers began mixing soils to get better results, crop rotation, Jethro Tull’s seed drill. But, due to enclosure Acts there were larger but fewer farms so peasants had less land to farm, needed to find a new way to make money |
| What was the order of the main energy inventions? | Abrham Darby (coal instead of charcoal), Thomas Newcomen (steam engine) & James Watt (improved steam engine) |
| What was the order of the main textile inventions? | John Kay (flying shuttle), James Hargreaves (spinning jenny), Richard Arkwright (water frame), move toward factory system |
| What were the main advancments in transportation? | Turnpikes (built roads, charged travelers), canals (shorten distance between locations), steam locomotives (rail vechicles, much faster) |
| How did industrialization impact Belgium? | 2 country industrialized, slower than Britain, focused on iron-made machines (locomotives, ships, weapons), ended with very developed steel industry |
| How did industrialization impact France? | Began in 1820's, made textile mills & factories, didn't have enough coal (relied on water power) |
| How did industrialization impact U.S? | Cotton mills depended on waterpower, facotires mostly produced metal parts (guns & machinary), first oil drilled (dominance in oil over coal, 1859) |
| How did industrialization impact Germany? | Many independent states instead of one whole, delayed industrialization. Became leader in heavy industry (railroads), 1880's, electrical, chemical, weapon industry incline. In 1914 2nd to the U.S as industrial power |
| How did industrialization impact Japan? | Very isolated until 1850's then western pressure shifted Japan to industrial. New Meji made Japan improve silk-weaving industry & build railroads/ships. Extracted coal and sold goods to its colonies and China |
| How were the cost of goods an effect of the rev? | Cheaper goods = more demand Industrialization allows big quantities of goods to be made at lower prices, which means more people can afford to buy, more customers mean the owners/investors make more money, can expand business/further industrialize |
| How is urbanization an effect of the rev? | (Def- movement of people to cities) People needed to live near work More factories = people moved nearby Populations grew from 17000 --> 70000 |
| How did the upper & middle classes change after the rev? | New Upper Class includes- most wealthy, not just royalty or lot of land New Middle Class includes- inventors, shopkeepers, bankers, teachers, and skilled laborers |
| How did the working class change after the rev? | New Working Class includes- agricultural workers, factory workers, and servants Lived in crowded tenements w/no water |
| What were the main harsh conditions during rev? | Worked a rigid schedule established by the factory, Unsafe conditions --> Machines lacked safety devices (prone to injury) & air quality damaged lungs Low wages (hired women & kids to pay them less) Coal miners paid bette more dangers |
| What were the main benefits during rev? | Many people started made more than before the rev Products produced at a lower cost, more people could afford Agriculture & shipping improved, people had a varied diet More job options existed (railroad workers) Social mobility (education) more likely |
| Who most likely prefers capitalism, why? | shop or factory owner b/c they are a private owner for profit, which means they are able to control countries trade and industry |
| Who most likely prefers socialism, why? | unemployed or peasents b/c it would advocate their talents and intelligence as important & not hidden |
| What does Adam Smith believe in? | Believes in the society and what they need should be top priority, like supply and demand and having ppl pursue their buisness will eventually benefit all goods & services. The gov should only focus on protecting society & justice |
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