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ICriminal Vocab 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Criminal Investigation | Process of discovering, collecting, preparing, identifying, and presenting evidence to determine who committed a crime |
| Crime Prevention | proactive approach, anticipating, recognizing, and appraising a crime risk and the initiation of action to deal with it |
| Police Management | administrative activities to control, direct, and coordinate police personnel, resources, and activities |
| Chain of Command | order of authority within a department; clarifies who reports to whom |
| Unity of Command | every officer has only one supervisor |
| Span of Control | the number of police personnel or the number of units supervised by a particular officer |
| Writ of Certiorari | issued from an appellate to court to obtain the lower court's records of a particular case; a mechanism for discretionary review |
| Fruit of the Poisonous Tree Doctorine | evidence later developed as a result of illegal search and seizure is excluded from trial |
| Good Faith Exception | allows evidence seized on the basis of good faith, but later shown to be a mistake, to be used in court |
| Probable Cause | a set of facts that would induce a reasonable person to believe that a crime was comitted |
| Anticipatory Warrant | a search Warrant issued on the basis of probable cause to believe that evidence, while not currently at the place described, will likely be there when the warrant is executed |
| Reasonable Suspicion | belief that would justify an officer in making further inquiry or in conducting further investigation; sufficient for investigative detention but not arrest |
| Fleeting Targets Exception | Exception to the exclusionary rule permitting police to search a motor vehicle based on probable cause but without a warrant |
| Suspiciousless Search | a warrantless search conducted when a person is not suspected of a crime |
| Knowing Waiver | suspect must be advised of rights, must be in a condition to understand them |
| Intelligent Waiver | suspect must understand the consequences of not invoking rights |
| Nontestimonial Evidence | generally specific evidence; includes personal items within or part of a person's body (ingested drugs, blood cells, DNA, fingerprints, etc.) |
| Police Subculture | a set of values, beliefs, and acceptable forms of behavior that the police profession strives to imbue new recruits |
| Police Corruption | the abuse of police authority for personal or organizational gain |
| Occupational Deviance | motivated by the desire for personal benefit |
| Tactical Intelligence | obtaining/developing information related to threats of crime/terrorism and using it to apprehend offenders, harden targets, use strategies to eliminate/migrate threats |
| Strategic Intelligence | provides information to decision-makers to develop strategies and reallocate resources for effective prevention |
| Civil Liability | the potential responsibility for payment of damages or other court-ordered enforcement as a result of a ruling in a lawsuit |
| Qualified Immunity | shields individual officers from constitutional lawsuits unless there conduct was unreasonable in light of clearly established law |
| Police Professionalism | the increasing formalization of police work and the accompanying rise in public acceptance of the police |
Created by:
Luka13