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Maddie Boucher 3.4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Heat absorption | The process by which a surface or material takes in heat energy and warms up. |
| Heat retention | The ability of a surface or material to hold heat and release it slowly. |
| Solar radiation | Energy from the Sun that reaches Earth as light and heat. |
| Thermal energy | Heat energy caused by the movement of particles in matter. |
| Climate impact | The long-term effect of natural or human activities on Earth’s climate. |
| Weather patterns | Repeated or typical weather conditions in a region over time. |
| Land cover | The type of material covering Earth’s surface, such as forests, water, ice, or cities. |
| Oxygen (O₂) | A gas in Earth’s atmosphere essential for life and respiration. |
| Nitrogen (N₂) | The most abundant gas in Earth’s atmosphere, making up about 78%. |
| Greenhouse gases | Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere and warm the planet. |
| Albedo effect | How much sunlight a surface reflects; brighter surfaces reflect more energy. |
| Land vs. water | Land heats and cools faster than water, while water stores heat longer. |
| Urban heat island | Cities being warmer than surrounding areas due to buildings and pavement absorbing heat. |
| Surface | Earth’s outer layer, including land, water, and ice. |
| Troposphere | The lowest layer of the atmosphere where weather occurs |
| Uneven heating | Unequal warming of Earth’s surface due to location, surface type, and sunlight angle. |
| Atmosphere | The layer of gases surrounding Earth that protects life and regulates temperature. |
| Energy in | Incoming energy from the Sun reaching Earth. |
| Energy out | Heat energy Earth sends back into space. |
| Sun | The star that provides Earth with light and energy. |
| Earth | the planet that supports life and orbits the Sun. |
| Reflects | To bounce energy off a surface without absorbing it |
| Absorbs | To take in energy, usually causing warming. |
| Circulation | The movement of air or water that redistributes heat around Earth. |
| Ice core | A long sample of ice that preserves past climate information. |
| Geologic sample | A rock, soil, or sediment sample used to study Earth’s history. |
| Water vapor (H₂O) | A gaseous form of water and the most abundant greenhouse gas. |
| Carbon dioxide (CO₂) | A greenhouse gas released by natural processes and human activities. |
| Methane (CH₄) | A strong greenhouse gas from natural sources and agriculture. |
| Nitrous oxide (N₂O) | A greenhouse gas produced by soil and farming practices. |
| Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) | Human-made gases that contribute to warming and ozone damage. |
| Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) | Human-made greenhouse gases that strongly trap heat. |
| Ozone (O₃) | A gas that blocks harmful UV radiation high in the atmosphere but can pollute near Earth’s surface. |
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