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Macromolecules

Biology

TermDefinition
Compound A combination of elements
Elements required in life Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphate, sulfur sometimes
Micronutrients Elements needed in small amounts
Organic compound Must contain carbon and hydrogen
Inorganic compound Does not have both carbon and hydrogen
Monomer The subunit of a polymer
Polymer A chain of 3 or more monomers
Carbohydrate structure 1 carbon, 2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen
Carbohydrate mono/disaccharides. Glucose, fructose lactose, maltose, sucrose
Carbohydrate polysaccharides Starch, chitin, glycogen, cellulose
Carbohydrate functions Quick enegy, cell walls (Cellulose), Exoskeletons (Chitin), animal starch(glycogen)
Foods with carbohydrates Complex- bread, cereal, pasta, grains, fruit, vegetables Simple- candy, junk food, juice, soda
Lipid structure "E" shape, contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 1 glycerol(Backbone) 3 fatty acids HO HO HO we are so GLad santa is here!
Lipid examples Fats, oils, waxes Myelin sheath- covers neurons in nervous system Cell membranes Sex hormones
Lipid Functions Stores energy, insulates, cushions organs, regulation of the reproduction system
Foods with lipids Cooking oil/grease, fish, meat, eggs, dairy, nuts
Protein structure Contains Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sometimes sulfer Monomer is amino acids (20 different ones) connected by peptide bonds
Protein examples Muscles, cell receptors, hormones (besides sex hormones), enzymes, antibodies
Protien function Structure/movement, Communication, controls chemical reactions, fight disease
Foods with protein Meats, fish, poultry, nuts and beans (Soy), dairy, eggs
Denatured When enzymes are pushed out of their functioning pH or temp and their shape is altered so they cant split their substrate
Substrate The molecule(s) that is split or combined by the enzyme
What determines the shape of a protein? The sequence of amino acids
Nucleic acid structure Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosherous Monomer is nucleotide Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, uracil
Nucleic acid functions Codes for genetic traits and protien synthesis- not found in foods and must be synthesised in you body
Dehydration synthesis Binding two molecules by taking water out of the molecules
Hydrolysis Separating two molecules by adding water
Catalyst A chemical that speeds up reactions without being changed by that reaction
Most enzymes end in... -ase
The results of an enzyme-substrate complex Products
Created by: obesity
 

 



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