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Chapter 5
Intellectual and Development disabilities
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Natural Supports | Resources in persons environment that can be used for support. |
| Intellectual Functioning | A person's way to learn and think etc. |
| Adaptive Behavior | Different skills that individuals learn and perform to function independently in their daily life. |
| Social Intelligence | The ability to understand and navigate the social environments, relationships and interactions |
| Practical Intelligence | Ability to adapt to change with environment and manage to do everyday tasks. |
| Supports | Strategies and Resources. |
| Moderate | A Process for assessments |
| Profound | learner process focused on deep and continuous growth. |
| Behavioral Phenotypes | Patterns of behavior commonly linked to certain genetic conditions. |
| Intellectual Disabilities | Functioning and adapt behavior that begin before 18. |
| Prenatal | Occurs before birth. |
| Perinatal | Occurs around the time of birth. |
| Postnatal | Occurs after birth. |
| Chromosomal Disorders | Conditions caused by having any extra or damaged conditions. |
| Down Syndrome | Condition caused by and extra copy of chromosome and would have physical problems. |
| Maternal Serum Screening | Blood test during pregnancy that would estimate and risk of genetic conditions. |
| Amniocentesis | Prenatal diagnostic test where amniotic fluid is tested to identify any genetic conditions. |
| Spina Bifida | Neural tube where the spinal cord does not develop properly. |
| Nuchal Translucency | Ultrasound measurement of fluid at back of a fetus neck used to screen for conditions. |
| Sleep Apnea | Breathing stops constantly and starts during sleep. |
| Fragile X Syndrome | Condition causing intellectual disability. |
| Prader-Willi Syndrome | Disorder by having weak muscle tone, overeating, obesity risk, and development delays. |
| Williams Syndrome | Condition marked by mild to moderate intellectual disability, strong verbal skills, and friendly personality. |
| Metabolism | Body breaks down food into energy. |
| Phenylketonuria | Disorder where body cannot break down phenylalanine and cause intellectual disability. |
| Microcephalus | Condition where head and brain are smaller than normal. |
| Hydrocephalus | Buildup of fluid in the brain increases pressure and affect development. |
| Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Syndrome | A group of Conditions caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy, affects growth, behavior, and learning. |
| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | Condition caused by alcohol during pregnancy and can cause problems. |
| Low Birth Weight | Have health problems if a baby weighs less than 5 pounds. |
| Herpes Simplex | An infection that can be passed from mother to baby. |
| Anoxia | Lack of oxygen to the brain. |
| Syphilis | Bacterial infection that can be passed from mother to baby. |
| Meningitis | Infection that causes inflammation of the membranes around brain. |
| Encephalitis | Inflammation of brain, caused by a virus. |
| Functional Academics | Instruction focused on practice academic skills needed for daily living. |
| Deinstitutionalization Movement | Move people with disabilities out of large institutions. |
| Sheltered Workshop | Separate work setting for individuals with disabilities. |
| Supported Competitive Employment | Employment in regular workplaces where individuals with disabilities receive support to work alongside non-disabled peers. |
| Determination | Ability to make choices, set goals, and take control of one's own life. |
| Job Coach | Professional who provides on the job support and training to help people with disabilities succeed. |
| Learned Helplessness | Condition where a person believes they have no control over outcomes due to repeated failure or lack of opportunity. |
| Person-Centered Planning | Planning approach that focuses on the individual's strengths, preferences, goals, and needs rather than limitations. |