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Physics
Waves (Paper 1)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What 2 things do waves transfer, and what 1 thing do they not? | Energy and Information but not Matter |
| What are the 2 types of waves? | Transverse and Longitudinal |
| What is a transverse wave? | A wave for which the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer. |
| What is a longitudinal wave? | A wave for which the oscillations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer. |
| Give two examples of Transverse Waves. | Seismic S-waves and Electromagnetic waves |
| Give two examples of longitudinal waves. | Seismic P-waves and Sound waves |
| What are the two parts of a longitudinal wave called? | Compressions and rarefractions |
| What are the two parts of a transverse wave called? | Peaks and troughs |
| What is a waves amplitude? | The maximum displacement of a point on a wave from its undisturbed position |
| What is wavelength? | The distance from a point on a wave to the same position on the adjacent wave |
| What is the frequency of a wave? | The number of waves that pass a given point each second |
| What is wave speed? | The speed at which energy is transferred through a medium |
| What does a wave transfer? | Energy |
| What is wave velocity? | The product of wavelength and frequency of the wave (m/s) |
| Equation for wave speed? | Frequency x Wavelength |
| What is meant by the period of the wave? | The length of time it takes for one full wave to pass through a point |
| What word is used to describe when a wave bounces off a surface? | Reflection |
| What is the normal (in terms of reflection and refraction) | A vertical imaginary line which is perpendicular to the boundary |
| What is the angle of incidence and angle of reflection? | Angle coming in and angle leaving out in the same way |
| What is refraction? | Change of speed of a wave as it reaches a boundary between 2 media resulting in a direction change |
| What occurs when light is refracted at a boundary? | The light changes speed and direction in the new medium |
| When entering a denser material, light waves... | Slow down and bend towards the normal |
| When entering a less dense material, light waves... | Speed up and bend away from the normal |
| How can refraction be measured? | Angle of incidence and refraction can be measured and compared , all relative to the normal. |
| What are the effects of absorption of different wavelengths of waves in different mediums? (2) | Some materials behave differently depending on wavelength & an example is glass (transmit visible light but reflect UV light) |
| How do sound waves travel through a solid? | Particles in solid vibrate and transfer kinetic energy through the material. |
| How does the human ear work? (7) | Outer ear collects sound which travels in, sound waves cause ear drum to vibrate at the same frequency, amplified by 3 ossicles, causes hair in the cochlea to vibrate, cochlea converts vibrations to electrical signals, passed to brain, converts |
| What is the range of human hearing? | 20Hz to 20kHz |
| What is an ultrasound wave? | Sound wave with a frequency greater than 20000Hz |
| What is sound of frequencies less than 20Hz called? | Infrasound |
| What natural event causes Seismic waves to be produced? What types are produced? | Earthquakes, produce S-waves and P-waves |
| Are P waves transverse or longitudinal? | Longitudinal |
| Are S waves transverse or longitudinal? | Transverse |
| State a difference between the mediums that P-waves and S-waves can travel through. | P-waves (solids and liquids) S-waves (solids) |
| What is the significance of P and S waves? | The provide evidence that the earth has a liquid core |
| What technique is used to detect objects in deep water and measure water depth? (3) | Echo sounding, High frequency sound waves are emitted, reflected and detected. Time difference between emission and detection alongside wave speed are used to calculate distances |
| How does Sonar work? (4) | When ultrasound waves are emitted they reflect off boundaries and their echos detected, the speed of the ultrasound is known and also the time taken to detect the echos, distance equation used, distance travelled is halved |
| How does foetal scanning work? (2) | Ultrasound wave in to patients body passing thru the body and reflecting off organs and tissue, device then uses reflected waves to produce an image of the foetus |
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