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funds exam2
diversity in nursing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acculturation | individual or group transitioning from one culture to developing traits of another |
| culturally congruent care | need to provide care based on indivudal's cultural beliefs practices and values (efective communication need) |
| assimilation | process in which individual adapts to host's cultural values and no longer prefers original (abandonment) |
| ethnocentrism | holding one's own way of life as superior to those around them |
| health disparity and ex | health diff closely linked to social determinants of health (disavtanges ) high infant mortality rate among black women |
| why is sociocultural background to health and illness beliefs and practice important | have to take consideration to their beliefs as norms and values influence patient's beliefs on health and therapies |
| how would you provide culturally competent care | adjust care plans to align with patient's sociocultural values and offer holistic patient centered care |
| culture traditions influence> | diet, exercise, hygiene, use of home remedies, non-traditional western remedies, herbal supplements |
| cultural traditions can influence individual's responses to? | health and illness, response to pain and management |
| when you recognize patient's health beliefs it helps provide? | culturally competent nursing care that considers physical, psychological, social, emotional and spiritual needs of each patient |
| where do cultural beliefs and values begin? | from birth, at home, other places where congregation is present |
| what is the cultural competence model | healthcare professional continually strives to achieve the most effective care within cultural context of a client |
| what is the goal of delivering cultural care? | utilize research findings to provide culturally specific care that is safe and beneficial to diverse patient |
| you should understand illness, life events and experiences from the... | patient's perspective |
| what is cultural skill | ability to conduct a cultural assessment of patient to collect relevant cultural data and conduct culturally based physical assessment |
| what should you use to ensure patient understands the info you taught | teach back method |
| if patient requires extensive postop educaiton you should assess? | patient and family language, family roles, healthcare practices |
| what is linguistic competence | ability to communicate effectively and convey information in a manner that is easily understood by diverse audiences |
| how are some illnesses such as HIV cancer or dementia affected by cultural stigma and what neg outcomes? | not always based on physical nature, think it's not harmful enough, causes lack of early detection, screening and diagnosis |
| hispanic, native american, asian , middl eastern believe in the importance of what health concepts? | balance and harmony to stay healthy |
| what are some methods the POC use to keep naturalistic or holistic balance? | hot and cold foods and medicines |
| chinese heritage health practice? | cold conditions such as cold flu cancer can be treated with hold treatments beef cereals chilli peppers |
| what are ethics? | study of conduct and character, right and wrong |
| what are values? | deeply held personal belief about the worth a person holds for an idea custom or object |
| value clarification? | always important to distinguish between values, fact, and opinion |
| code of ethics established by who | ANA |
| what are the code of ethics | describes nurse's obligation to patient, role of the nurse as a member of the healthcare team and duties of the nurse |
| what are the 4 key principles in the code of ethics | advocacy, responsibility, accountability and confidentiality |
| what is advocacy and ex | application of one's skills and knowledge for the benefit of another person, advocating for the health safety and rights of patients (privacy and right to refuse) |
| what is responsibility and ex | willingness to respect one's professional obligations and to follow through, responsible for care you provide, and task you delegate |
| what is accountability and ex | answering for your own actions, health care agencies exercise accountability by monitoring individual and agency compliance with national standards such as Joint Commission |
| what is the joint commission | establishes national patient safety guidelines to ensure patient and workplace safety through consistent effective nursing practices |
| what is confidentiality and ex | refers to healthcare team's obligation to respect patient privacy, HIPAA mandates confidentiality and protection of patients' personal health info |
| what are 2 common ethical problems that may be faced by healthcare professionals | ethical dilemmas and moral distress |
| what is ethical dilemma and ex | two opposing courses of action can both be justified by ethical principles, jimmy has diabetes gets caught eating candy nurse catches him nurse can provide him autonomy to make his own decisions but also knows its bad for its health (goes both ways) |
| what is moral distress and ex | need to follow a specific action while simultaneously it feels wrong, meds were supposed to be given 30 mins ago but patient refuses, feels more compelled to lie saying its their hormone medication that they dont have |
| how should you seek support when dealing with ethical problems | ethics committee and create a culture of moral resilience |
| what are the key steps in resolution of an ethical dilemma | ask (is this a prob), gather info (patient, fam, agency), identify ethical elements (fact, opinion and values), name the problem (helps ensure final plan) |
| acculturation | individual or group transitioning from one culture to developing traits of another |
| culturally congruent care | need to provide care based on indivudal's cultural beliefs practices and values (efective communication need) |
| assimilation | process in which individual adapts to host's cultural values and no longer prefers original (abandonment) |
| ethnocentrism | holding one's own way of life as superior to those around them |
| health disparity and ex | health diff closely linked to social determinants of health (disavtanges ) high infant mortality rate among black women |
| why is sociocultural background to health and illness beliefs and practice important | have to take consideration to their beliefs as norms and values influence patient's beliefs on health and therapies |
| how would you provide culturally competent care | adjust care plans to align with patient's sociocultural values and offer holistic patient centered care |
| culture traditions influence> | diet, exercise, hygiene, use of home remedies, non-traditional western remedies, herbal supplements |
| cultural traditions can influence individual's responses to? | health and illness, response to pain and management |
| when you recognize patient's health beliefs it helps provide? | culturally competent nursing care that considers physical, psychological, social, emotional and spiritual needs of each patient |
| where do cultural beliefs and values begin? | from birth, at home, other places where congregation is present |
| what is the cultural competence model | healthcare professional continually strives to achieve the most effective care within cultural context of a client |
| what is the goal of delivering cultural care? | utilize research findings to provide culturally specific care that is safe and beneficial to diverse patient |
| you should understand illness, life events and experiences from the... | patient's perspective |
| what is cultural skill | ability to conduct a cultural assessment of patient to collect relevant cultural data and conduct culturally based physical assessment |
| what should you use to ensure patient understands the info you taught | teach back method |
| if patient requires extensive postop educaiton you should assess? | patient and family language, family roles, healthcare practices |
| what is linguistic competence | ability to communicate effectively and convey information in a manner that is easily understood by diverse audiences |
| how are some illnesses such as HIV cancer or dementia affected by cultural stigma and what neg outcomes? | not always based on physical nature, think it's not harmful enough, causes lack of early detection, screening and diagnosis |
| hispanic, native american, asian , middl eastern believe in the importance of what health concepts? | balance and harmony to stay healthy |
| what are some methods the POC use to keep naturalistic or holistic balance? | hot and cold foods and medicines |
| chinese heritage health practice? | cold conditions such as cold flu cancer can be treated with hold treatments beef cereals chilli peppers |
| what are ethics? | study of conduct and character, right and wrong |
| what are values? | deeply held personal belief about the worth a person holds for an idea custom or object |
| value clarification? | always important to distinguish between values, fact, and opinion |
| code of ethics established by who | ANA |
| what are the code of ethics | describes nurse's obligation to patient, role of the nurse as a member of the healthcare team and duties of the nurse |
| what are the 4 key principles in the code of ethics | advocacy, responsibility, accountability and confidentiality |
| what is advocacy and ex | application of one's skills and knowledge for the benefit of another person, advocating for the health safety and rights of patients (privacy and right to refuse) |
| what is responsibility and ex | willingness to respect one's professional obligations and to follow through, responsible for care you provide, and task you delegate |
| what is accountability and ex | answering for your own actions, health care agencies exercise accountability by monitoring individual and agency compliance with national standards such as Joint Commission |
| what is the joint commission | establishes national patient safety guidelines to ensure patient and workplace safety through consistent effective nursing practices |
| what is confidentiality and ex | refers to healthcare team's obligation to respect patient privacy, HIPAA mandates confidentiality and protection of patients' personal health info |
| what are 2 common ethical problems that may be faced by healthcare professionals | ethical dilemmas and moral distress |
| what is ethical dilemma and ex | two opposing courses of action can both be justified by ethical principles, jimmy has diabetes gets caught eating candy nurse catches him nurse can provide him autonomy to make his own decisions but also knows its bad for its health (goes both ways) |
| what is moral distress and ex | need to follow a specific action while simultaneously it feels wrong, meds were supposed to be given 30 mins ago but patient refuses, feels more compelled to lie saying its their hormone medication that they dont have |
| how should you seek support when dealing with ethical problems | ethics committee and create a culture of moral resilience |
| what are the key steps in resolution of an ethical dilemma | ask (is this a prob), gather info (patient, fam), identify (fact, opinion and values), name the prob ( final plan), identify possible courses of action (acccess others), create and implement (identify alternative action), evaluate to urther action |
| what are 3 ways nurses can advocate for patients and family members | informed consent (autonomy in patient care), patient safety (prevent med errors), end of life care (advance directives) |
| what other factors can you consider when ensuring appropriate support? | language barriers, disability, impaired decision capacity |
| what are bioethics? | study of ethical, social, and legal issues that arise in biomedicine and biomedical research |
| what is fidelity | agreement to keep promises (faithfullness) |
| what is justice | faireness and distribution of resources |
| what are important and effective parts of ethical disclosure | clarifying values, your own, your patients' and coworkers |
| what is deontology | defines actions as right or wrong based on adherence to rules and principles |
| what is utilitarian system of ethics | amt of greatest good for greatest number of people |
| ex of utilitarian ethics | remove organs from a healthy person to save 7 other lives |
| what is casuistry (case based reasoning) | looks at similar cases and dtermines course of action on basis of what was done in the past |
| role of caring in building a nurse-client relationship | always maintain a patient centered approach to patient care for all aspects of clinical nursing, whether care is managing pain, selfcare, admin meds |
| patient centered care is KEY to ? | improving patient outcomes and transforming healthcare delivery |
| what are the AONE guiding principles | care is user based, knowledge is access-based, knowledge is synthesized, relationships of care presence and managing the journey |
| caring is a ? (def) | universal phenomenon influencing ways in which ppl think feel and behave in relation with another (being connected) |
| what is leininger's transcultural caring | offers a transcultural (more than one culture) view of caring, concept of care as domain |
| what is watson's transpersonal caring | care before cure, and provide holistic care to promote healing and wholeness , integrates healing environment, incorporate life generating and receiving process of human caring |
| swanson's theory of caring> | nurturing way of relating to an individual (commitment and responsibility) |
| what are swanson's 5 caring processes | knowing, being with, doing for, enabling, maintaining belief |
| evidence that exists about a patient's perceptions of caring values what? | caring aspect rather than technical aspect of effectiveness in performing tasks |
| what is the caring assessment tool> | developed to measure caring from a patient POV |
| how do patients become active partners in the plan of care (CAT based) | when they sense providers are sensitive, sympathetic, compassionate and interested in them as ppl |
| what is ethic of care | concerned with relationships between people and with a nurse's character and attitude towrads other |
| ethics of care influences and guides nurse's ? | clinical judgment and clinical decisions |
| what is providing presence | person to person, closeness and sense of caring (being there and being with) needs communication and understanding |
| presence is a interpersonal process that is characterizied by> | sensitivity, holism, initmacy vulnerability and adaptation to unique circumstances |
| what are some positive outcomes for patients from nurse presence | relief of suffering, decrease sense of isolation and vulnerability and personal growth |
| touch can be a approach that reaches out to patients to communicate? | concern and support (contact or noncontact) |
| before implementing any contact touch.... | be aware of patient's cultural practices and past experiences |
| what is therapeutic touch> | holistic , evidence based therapy and approved complementary and alternative medicine method |
| why was therapeutic touch developed> | to incorporate intentional and compassionate use of touch to help patients find inner balance |
| what is listening | planned and deliverate act in where listener is present and engages patient in nonjudgmental and accepting manner |
| ex of listening for the patient | listening during end of life care helps patient and fam address concerns and prefs w dignity and compassion |
| when you are actively listening you are a _____ in a patient's life | participant |
| how to listen effectively? | silence yourself and listen with an open mind |
| what are some cues for listening> | words, tone of voice, expressions and. body language |
| what are one of the core processes the nurse uses to make clinical decisions about patient centered care (care and comfort chapter) | knowing the patient |
| knowing the patient prepares the nurse to.... | recognize patient problems and make appropriate clinical judgments |
| knowing emerges from ______ caring relationships between a nurse and patient | repeated |
| what are 2 elements that facilitate knowing a patient? | continuity of care and clinical expertise |
| what kind of outcome result from not knowing a patient? | poor |
| in the acute care setting, not knowing a patient can contribute to what? | risk of falls and actual falls |
| when we don't know a patient in the acute care setting, we are less able to identify ? | common fall risks and which risks apply to specific patients |
| if the nurses don't know the patient, fam and patients don't .... | understand complexity of treatments and participation in care (not respecting autonomy by not knowing) |
| certain clinical decision making and judgment involves what responses in patients? | certain therapies, routine and habit, coping resources, physical capacities , endurance |
| watson states what about spirituality | offers sense of connectedness, intrapersonally, interpersonally and transpersonally (higher deity, God) |
| what are some factors that influence personal hygiene practices | social practices, personal preferances, body img, socioeconomic status, health beliefs, physical conditions |
| what are some common skin problems | dry skin, acne, skin rashes |
| what are some conditions that place patients at risk for impaired skin integrity | those with reduced sensation, impaired circulation, nutrition, hydration alterations, incontinence, altered cognition, decreased mobility |
| who needs frequent peri care? | those at risk for acquiring infections such as IAD, indwelling foley catheters, postpartum women |
| what are some factors that influence condition of nails and feet | age, poor circulation and oxygenation, bad nutrition, dehydration, diabetes mellitus, gait |
| with increasing age, nails become... | more thicker, brittle and yellowed |
| poor circulation causes what in feet? | pale cool feet, clubbed nails |
| why is foot care for diabetic patients so important | they are at an increased risk for amputation, peripheral neuropathy, limited joint mobility, peripheral vascular disease |
| why should we not soak feet | skin softens, maceration of tissues and more prone to ulcers or infections |
| how should we trim nails | straight across and square file |
| how to increase circulation to feet | wiggle toes and move ankles for 5 min 2-3 times a day and don't smoke or cross legs for long |
| what are some common hair and scalp problems? | dandruff, ticks, pediculosis capitis, corporis, pubic, alopecia |
| how should you treat ticks | rubbing alc on bite marks, tweezers |
| how should you treat head lice (cap) | medicated shampoo special lice comb |
| pediculosis corporis treatment | medicated pediculicide lotion, bathe thorough |
| pediculosis pubis treatment | shave hair off affected, avoid excessive heat |
| benefits of back rub and why it could be contraindicated | promotes relaxation and relieves muscular tension but potential contraindications can be infections, fevers, blood clots that have risk of dislodging, blood thinners fractured ribs, burns heart surgery |
| being unconscious or artifical airway increases susceptibility for patients to have | drying of salivary secretions due to inability to eat or drink, unable to swallow |
| excess saliva in mouth in unconscious patients can harbor? | microorganism growth that contains gram-neg bacteria that can cause pneumonia when aspirated into lungs |
| what is the 2 biggest risks for an unconscious patient | choking and aspiration |
| what kind of toothpaste do you use especially for the critically ill and unconscious | CHG 0.12% |
| usage of CHG toothpaste reduces the risk for | ventilator associated pneumonia |
| how many nurses provide oral care for unconscious | 2 |
| how should bed be placed for oral care of unconscious | semi fowlers 30-45 |
| 2 nurses jobs for oral care? | suction secretions and other cleans |
| how should you keep unconscious patient mouth open during oral care | padded tongue blade |
| for patients undergoing chemo, immunocompromised, you must use what during oral care | soft toothbrush and soft flossing methods |
| how many mL of saline do you use to rinse? | 30 |
| when do you do saline rinses on patients | morning, after every meal , bedtime |
| can you increase rinses frequency for oral care | yes can be increaesd to every 2 hours |
| what disease can occur when patients can't close eyes and cornea become damaged | exposure keratopathy |
| what conditions place patients at risk for impaired oral mucous membranes | poor oral hygiene, dehydration, oxygenated therapy, diabetes |
| do you moisturize in between toes | NOOOO, but dry yes |
| eye care should move which way | inner to outer, use clean cloth |
| ear care> | external ear only (no objects), provider orders for cerumen removal |
| how should you clean nose | clean nares gently with moist cotton swab, apply water soluble lubricant if dry, no petroleum based products w oxygen therapy |
| range of young adulthood | 20-34 |
| middle adulthood | 35 to 64 |
| old adulthood | over 65 |
| what is biophysical development | how the physical body grows and changes from infancy to adulthood |
| what is psychoanalytic/psychosocial development | describes human development from perspective of personality thinking and behavior |
| who made psychosexual | freud |
| who made psychosocial | erikson |
| who made cognitive development | piaget |
| what is cognitive development | focuses on how ppl learn to think and make sense of their world |
| what is moral development | changes in a person's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that influence what a person believes is right and wrong (code of ethics) |
| who made moral development | kohlberg |
| young adults finish physical growth by age> | 20 |
| young adults are called what generation | connected |
| middle adults are called what generation | sandwich |
| what are some major life events of the young adult | career, sexuality, singlehood, parenthood |
| what are some major life events of middle adult | transition, sexuality, marital changes, family transitions, care of aging parents |
| when does wrinkling begin | middle adult |
| major events of older adult | transition, sexuality, retirement, depression, housing environment, death |
| childbearing cycle | body image, role changes stresses, breastfeeding, labor educaiton |
| what does puerperium mean | period of 6 weeks after childbirth where mother's reproductive organs return to original condition (not preg) |
| young adult developmental tasks | adapt well to new experiences, more racially diverse |
| middle adult developmental tasks | involved in supporting others, good at using what you learned, in tune with others emotions |
| older adult developmental tasks | adjusting to changes in health, retirement, death |
| child-bearing morning sickness changes? | breast enlargement, fatigue, braxton hicks contractions (irregular short contractions in 3rd trimester) |
| young adult cognitive changes | critical thinking abilities increase, problem skills increase |
| when does ability for itimacy begin | 23-28 |
| middle adult cognitive changes | changes are rare due to illness and trauma |
| older cognitive changes | delirium, dementia, retirement, isolation, depression |
| middle adult health concern | obesity, health promotion, forming positive health habits |
| older adult health concerns | systems decline, chronic condition prone, sensory impairments |
| when is maturity reached | balance of growth in physiological, psychosocial and cognitive areas has been attained |
| what is stochastic theory | aging is a result of random cellular damage that occurs over time |
| what is non-stochastic theory | genetic physiological mechanisms that control process of aging |
| skeletal system role in movement | attachment for muscles and ligaments |
| skeletal muscles role in movememtn | cells can be stimulated |
| nervous system role in movement | regulates movement and posture |
| body mechanics def | coordinated effort of musculoskeletal/nervous system to maintain balance, posture and body alignment |
| what is body balance | center of gravity is within base of support (wide base of support) and vertical line falls from center of gravity through base |
| weight def | force exerted on a body by gravity |
| friction def | force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement |
| correct body alignment reduces... | strain on musculoskeletal structures, muscle tone, contributes to balance |
| since friction causes injury to skin, how can we have better body alignment | decrease surface area of patient (wide base of support) |
| what is identity | internal sense of individuality, wholeness and consistency of person over time |
| what is role performance | how someone sees their ability to do a certain role |
| when does erikson's psychosocial theory peak (age) | 60-70 |
| describe effect of the nurse's self concept and nursing care can have on the patient | our own feelings, biases, ideas and values can make patient feel uncomfortable |
| what are cultural considerations that affect self-concept | parental influence, school age, adolescence, adulthood |
| what is therapeutic communication | process in where nurse consciously influences the patient or helps patient to a better understanding through verbal or non-verbal communication |
| therapeutic relationships promotes and facilitates> | positive change and growth |
| circular transactional model | emphasizes communication is continuous dynamic and reciprocal |
| what are the core components of the circular transactional model | sender and receiver, messages, feedback, environment, channels |
| what are some factors that influence communication | senses, culture, education, perceptual bias, emotional intelligence |
| what is the first phase of the therapeutic helping relationship and ex | pre-interaction phase, occurs before meeting patient |
| second phase of therapeutic relationship and ex | orientation phase and nurse and patient meet and get to know each other |
| third phase of therapeutic relationship and ex | working phase, nurse and patient solve problems and accomplish goals |
| 4th phase of therapeutic relationship and ex | termination phase and occurs at the end of the relationship |
| what is motivational interviewing | holds promise for encouraging patients to share beliefs fears and concerns with aim of changing their behavior |
| what is territoriality | person's own physical space, personal space and territory of expertise in role |
| what are some skills that facilitate active listening | courtesy, use of names, autonomy, assertiveness |
| what is SOLAR | sit facing the patient, observe with an open posture, learn towards the patient, establish and maintain intermittent eye contact, relax |
| what is nontherapeutic communication techniques | asking questions changing subject automatic response, false reassurance, arguing |
| what is self-disclosure | nurse understands patient experience |
Created by:
shinykwon