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Chapter 5
Human Exceptionalities
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Natural supports | Resources in person’s environment that can be used for support, such as friends, family, and co-workers. |
| Adaptive behavior | The social and practical intelligence used in people’s everyday lives; along with IQ, is considered in making a determination of intellectual disability. |
| Social intelligence | One’s ability to understand and interpret social interactions between people, such as whether someone is angry or happy; a component of adaptive behavior, which, in addition to IQ, is used to determine whether someone has intellectual disabilities. |
| Practical intelligence | Ability to solve everyday problems |
| Supports | Resources and strategies that promote a person’s development, education, interests, and personal well-being; critical to the AAIDD’s conceptualization of intellectual disabilities. |
| Mild mental retardation or intellectual disability | A classification used to specify an individual whose IQ is approximately 50–70. |
| Moderate mental retardation or intellectual disabilities | A classification used to specify an individual whose IQ is approximately 35–50. |
| Severe mental retardation or intellectual disabilities | A classification used to specify an individual whose IQ is approximately 20–35. |
| Profound mental retardation or intellectual disabilities | A classification used to specify an individual whose IQ is below approximately 20. |
| Intellectual disabilities | The newer term for “mental retardation”; a disability in intelligence and adaptive behavior. |
| Prenatal | The time before birth. |
| Perinatal | The time of birth. |
| Postnatal | The time after birth. |
| Chromosomal disorder | Any of several syndromes resulting from abnormal or damaged chromosome(s); can result in intellectual disabilities. |
| Down syndrome | A condition resulting from an abnormality with the 21st pair of chromosomes; the most common abnormality is a triplet rather than a pair (the condition sometimes referred to as trisomy 21); characterized by intellectual disability and such physical signs |
| Chromosome | A rod-shaped entity in the nucleus of the cell; contains genes, which convey hereditary characteristics; each cell in the human body contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. |
| Trisomy 21 | A type of Down syndrome in which the 21st chromosome is a triplet, making 47, rather than the normal 46, chromosomes in all. |
| Maternal serum screening (MSS) | A method of screening the fetus for developmental disabilities such as Down syndrome or spina bifida; a blood sample is taken from the mother and analyzed; if it is positive, a more accurate test such as amniocentesis or CVS is usually recommended |
| Nuchal translucency ultrasound | A method of screening for Down syndrome; fluid from behind the fetus’s neck and protein from the mother’s blood are analyzed. |
| Amniocentesis | A medical procedure that allows examination of the amniotic fluid around the fetus; sometimes recommended to determine the presence of abnormality. |
| Spina bifida | A congenital midline defect resulting from failure of the bony spinal column to close completely during fetal development. |
| Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) | A method of testing the unborn fetus for a variety of chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome; a small amount of tissue from the chorion (a membrane that eventually helps form the placenta) is extracted and tested; can be done earlier than amnioc |
Created by:
magilla1