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Kyndall C Ch 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Natural Supports | Resources in person's environment that can be used for support, such as friends, family, and co-workers. |
| Intellectual functioning | general mental capacity—including reasoning, problem-solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, and learning |
| Adaptive behavior | The social and practical intelligence used in people's everyday lives: along with IQ, is considered in making a determination of intellectual disability. |
| Social intelligence | understanding and interpreting people and social interactions, such as being able to "read" when someone is angry. |
| practical intelligence | the ability to solve everyday problems, such as preparing meals, using transportation systems, making change, using the Internet, and solving problems that are associated with particular job situations. |
| Supports | resources and strategies that promote a person's development, education, interests, and personal well-being; critical to the AAIDD's conceptualization of intellectual disabilities. |
| moderate | A classification used to specify an individual whose IQ is 35-50 |
| severe | A classification used to specify an individual whose IQ is 20-35 |
| profound | A classification used to specify an individual whose IQ is below 20 |
| intellectual disabilities | The newer term for mental retardation; a disability in intelligence and adaptive behavior. |
| mild | A classification used to specify an individual whose IQ is 35-50 |
| Prenatal | Time before birth |
| Perinatal | Time of birth |
| Postnatal | Time after birth |
| chromosomal disorders | syndromes resulting from abnormal or damaged chromosomes |
| Down syndrome | Condition resulting from an abnormality in the 21st chromosome, triplet rather than a pair. characterized by intellectual disability and physical signs. |
| chromosomes | Rod shaped entity in the nucleus of the cell |
| trisomy 21 | type of down syndrome where 21st chromosome is a triplet |
| Maternal serum screening | method of screening fetus for developmental disabilities |
| Nuchal translucency ultrasound | screening for down syndrome |
| Amniocentesis | medical procedure allows examination of the amniotic fluid around the fetus |
| spina bifida | defect resulting from failure of the bony spiral column to close completely during fetal development. |
| Chronic villus sampling | method of testing unborn babies for intellectual disabilities |
| fragile x syndrome | bottom of the X chromosome in 23rd pair is pinched off |
| prader willi syndrome | inheritance of fathers lack of genetic material |
| sleep apnea | cessation of breathing while sleeping |
| scoliosis | abnormal curve of the spine |
| williams syndrome | condition resulting from deletion of material in 7th chromosomes |
| inborn errors of metabolism | deficiencies in enzymes used to metabolize basic substances in the body |
| phenylketonuria | metabolic genetic disorder caused bu inability to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine |
| microcephalous | development of small cone-shaped head, results in intellectual disabiliites |
| hydrocephalus | enlargement of the head because of excessive pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid |
| fetal alchohol spectrum | abnormalities associated with the mother's drinking alcohol during pregnancy |
| fetal alcohol spectrum disorders | a range of disorders in children whose mothers consumed large amounts of alcohol during pregnancy |
| rubella | viral disease. if occurs during pregnancy it will cause deformity. |
| anoxia | deprivation of oxygen, can cause brain injury |
| Low birth weight | babies born weighing less than 3.5 lbs, at risk for medical and behavioral disabilities |
| syphillis | venereal disease causing mental subnormality in a child |
| herpes simplex | viral disease that causes cold sores or fever blisters: affects genitals and mental subnormality in children. |
| meningitus | bacterial or viral infection of the linings of the brain or spinal cord |
| encephalitis | inflammation of the brain |
| mental age | age level which a person performs on an IQ test |
| chronological age | how old a person is |
| working memory | ability to remember info while also performing other cognitive operations |
| self regulation | persons ability to regulate their one behavior |
| metacognition | ones understandings of the strategies available for learning a task and regulatory mechanisms to complete the task |
| behavioral phenotypes | collection of behaviors that tend to occur together in people with a specific genetic syndrome |
| explicit instruction | clear, direct, and precise instruction |
| systematic instruction | teaching involving instructional prompts, consequences for performance, and transfer of stimulus control |
| functional academics | teaching academics, goal is for students to learn skills to function independently |
| deinstitutionalization movement | advocates crusade for closing of large residential institutions for people with intellectual and mental disabilities. |
| supported competitive employment | workplace where adults with disabilities earn minimum wage and ongoing assistance from job coach. |
| job coach | person who assists adult workers with disabilities |
| sheltered workshop | facility that provides a structured environment for people with disabilities in which they can learn skills |
| self determination | having control over ones life |
| person centered planning | method of planning for people with disabilities that places the person and their family in the center of the planning process. |
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kyndallcarroll