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Chapter 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| intellectual disabilities | disability characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning's and adaptive behavior |
| natural supports | change in philosophy that respects their rights to be part of decisions affecting their lives in relationships and connections |
| intellectual functioning | learning, reasoning, and problem solving, problems in adaptive behavior and children with intellectual disabilities can be improved |
| Adaptive behavior | defining intellectual disability, they recognize that some students ,right score poorly on IQ tests but still function well in their daily environment |
| social intelligence | understanding and interpreting people and social interactions, such as being able to read the someone is angry and not being gullible or easily tricked or manipulated. |
| practical intelligence | ability to solve everyday problems such as preparing meals, transportation, making change, and internet or jobs |
| supports | strategies and resources that a person requires to participate in activities associated with normative human functioning |
| moderate | IQ of about 35-50 |
| severe | IQ of about 20-35 |
| profound intellectual disabilities | IQ below about 20 |
| prental | before birth: chromosome disorders, inborn error of metabolism, developmental disorders affecting the brain formation, and environmental influences |
| perinatal | at the time of birth |
| postnatal | after birth |
| chromosome disorders | scientist identifying genetic causes of intellectual disabilities |
| Down syndrome | anomaly at the 21st pair of chromosomes is a triplet and not a pair |
| trisomy 21 | Down syndrome with a triplet rather than paired chromosomes |
| maternal serum screening | blood test that's used to check for markers such as certain proteins in the mothers blood that suggest more likely Down syndrome |
| nuchal translucency ultrasound | allows physician to see the fluid from behind the fetus's neck |
| amniocentesis | sample of amniotic fluid from the sac around the fetus is analyzed for certain proteins that are possible markers for Down syndrome |
| spina bifida | a condition in which the spinal column fails to close properly while in the womb |
| chronic villus sampling (CVS) | physician takes a sample of vili and tests them for chromosomal abnormalities |
| fragile x syndrome | mom common known hereditary cause of intellectual disabilities, x chromosome in the 23rd pair, less severe cognitive deficiencies |
| trader willi syndrome | result of a genetic abnormality but very few cases inherited |
| williams syndrome | caused by absence of material on the seventh pair of chromosomes |
| inborn errors of metabolism | result from inherited deficiencies in enzymes used to metabolize basic substances in the body, such as amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, or trace elements |
| phenylketonuria (PKU) | inability of the body to convert a common dietary substance, phenylalanine, to tyrosine, the consequent accumulation of phenylalanine results in abnormal brain development |
| developmental disorder of brain formation | a number of conditions can effect development of the brain and case intellectual disabilities |
| microcephalus | head is abnormally small and conical in shape |
| hydrocephalus | results from an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid inside or outside the brain |
| environmental influences | effect a woman who is pregnant and thereby affect the development of the fetus she is carrying |
| fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) | a range of disorders in children born to women who have consumed alcohol while pregnant |
| fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) | Children are characterized by a variety of abnormal facial features and growth retardation as well as intellectual disabilities |
| rubella (German measles) | potential cause of blindness and result in intellectual disabilities |
| anoxia | difficulty during delivery, complete deprivation of oxygen |
| low birth weight (LBW) | can result in a variety of behavioral and medical problems including intellectual disabilities |
| syhpilis | passed from mother to child during childbirth, infection or venereal disease in intellectual disabilities |
| herpes simplex | infection passed from mother to child during birth, shows as a cold sore or fever blisters and not usually classified as a venereal disease unless it affects the genitals |
| biological postnatal causes | infections, malnutrition, and toxins |
| encephalitis | an inflammation of the brain, intellectual disabilities, and usually affects intelligence more severely |
| meningitis | an infection of the covering of the brain that may be caused by a variety of bacterial or viral agents |
| psychosocial causes | abuse, neglect, or understimulation, children who are raised poor environmental areas |
| working memory (WM) | ability to keep information in mind while simultaneously doing another cognitive task |
| self regulation | ability to regulate ones own behavior |
| metacognition | a persons awareness of what strategies are needed to perform a task, the ability to plan how to use the striates, and the evaluation of how well the strategies are working |
| behavioral phenotypes | general patterns of behavior characteristics, associated with some of the genetic syndromes |
| intensive and strategic instruction | stimulating formats to ensure comprehension of learning |
| relentless collaboration | meetings between school and parents |
| functional programming | teaching academics in the corner of daily living skills |
| academic programming | teaching literacy and math skills and teaching daily living skills, optimum balance can be attained for individual students |
| community credential facilities (CRFs) | large residential facilities for people with intellectual disabilities |
| domestic skills | learning to wash dishes, cook, laundry, and manage budget, or how well the person with intellectual disabilities can accomplish the tasks determines how independently they will be able to live |
| community skills | determine how much an individual can intimate into society |
| sheltered workshops | structured environment in which a person receives training and worse with other workers with disabilities on jobs requiring relatively low skills |
| supported competitive employment | intellectual disabilities person has a competitive employment position but receives ongoing assistance often from a job coach |
| job coach | provide assistance for transportation, interactions, or other needs |
| person centered planning | similar to family centered planning, focuses more on the individual than on the family |
| determination | ability to act autonomously, be self regulated, act in psychologically manner, and self realized manner |
| learned helplessness | people with intellectual disabilities find it hard to be self determined so this provides best ways to cultivate it |
Created by:
jhugleycampbell
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