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Vet 246
Test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In the normal dog | All of the above are true |
| In general, survey radiographs: | All of the above |
| Which is NOT true of negative-contrast media | These substances absorb fewer x-rays than soft tissue and appear white or radiolucent on the radiograph |
| Which of the following is/are NOT accurate for calculating dilution of a contrast medium | Final diluted percentage/initial concentration= volume needed/final volume administered |
| During a double-contrast upper GI study procedure on a cat, the following were completed. Which one was not ideal | A double-contrast study was chosen to best evaluate motility and emptying |
| You have collected urine specimens prior to infusion of a contrast medium because you know that contrast agents | Do all of the above |
| Osmolality is the | Number of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent and is usually expressed as mOsmol/kg |
| Polo, a 20kg dog, is scheduled for a lower positive-contrast GI study. Preparation does NOT include | Giving an enema immediately before the barium administration |
| A report describes a substances "tonicity". This refers to a measure of | Osmotic pressure |
| is the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from a liquid of low concentration to one of a higher concentration until the two concentrations are equal | Osmosis |
| A solution with low cPs indicates | Little force is needed to move onelayer of this solution in relation to another, such as blood |
| During excretory urography for Jamaica, a medium-sized dog | Opacification of the nephrons occurs immediately, so you can differentiate the cortex from the medulla |
| After performing gastrography, the vet would like you to complete an esophagography on this same patient. Which of the following is NOT true | Avoide allowing the patient to swallow until after examination has occured to avoid fatal aspiration of barium sulfate |
| The vet wishes to complete cervical myelography on a large adult cat. Preparations include all of the following expect | Use a general anesthetic with a phenothiazine derivative |
| An accurate diagnostic contrast study of the stomach should include what view(s) | All of the above |
| Esophagography is to be performed on a patient, but perforation is suspected. It is best to use | Organic iodine solution, 5 to 20 mL |
| When performing gastrography of the cranial abdomen, you are likely to perform all of the following steps EXCEPT | Use a water soluble organic iodine if the patient becomes dehydrated |
| Which of the following is true of positive contrast upper GI imaging procedures | If an orogastric tube is NOT used, the stomach may not have optimal distention |
| The 3 radiographs that comprise a PennHIP evaluation must include | Ventrodorsal hip-extended view; distraction view, compression view |
| You need to obtain a what view of the pelvis. To do this you place specialized acrylic distractor rods between the hind limbs at the femoral heads to as as a fulcrum | Distraction |
| To position your patient for a ventrodorsal frog leg view of the pelvis, you will | Leave hind limbs in natural flexion (45 degrees to the spine; 90 degrees in some larger dogs) |
| A patient's distraction index (DI) score is 0.86. What does this mean | The femoral head comes out of the joint by 86% and is very loose and thus highly likely to develop hip dysplasia |
| The border for a lateral (mediolateral) view of the phalanges is the | Tarsus proximally to the distal phalanges |
| Which of the following steps most directly helps prevent overexposure to the distal aspect for a lateral (mediolateral) view of the femur | Position a fluid bag over the distal end to emulate soft tissue |
| For a radiograph to be eligible for OFA registration, it must include | Hospital or veterinarian's name, the date, and the registered patient name or number |
| In assessing the hip, the distraction view | Is used to measure joint laxity |
| What are the borders of the skyline view of the patella | Distal third of the femur and proximal third of the tibia/fibula |
| For a caudocranial view of the femur (horizontal view), describe the borders of the correct, finished image | Opposite ischium of the coxofemoral joint to the stifle |
| An alternative way to using a figure-of-eight bandage for a horizontal beam for the flexed skyline stifle is to | Use either A or B |
| The best view to ensure a clear view of joint laxity in a patient with moderate hip dysplasia is the | PennHIP distraction view |
| If you have taken a lateral view of the pelvis correctly, which of the following will not be true | The femurs will be of equal size |
| Which of the following is not a sign of hip dysplasia on a standard ventrodorsal hip-extended view | The width joint is narrow and equidistant |
| Along with the lateral view, the orthogonal view for the pelvis is the | Ventrodorsal (VD) view |
| For views distal to and including the tarsus the positions are termed | Plantarodorsal |
| The PennHIP method | Measures joint laxity to determine how likely a dog is to develop canine hip dysplasia (CHD) and hip arthritis later in life |
| For views of the hind limb distal to and including the stifle, the patient is in sternal recumbency, so the positions are referred to as for the stifle, tibia, and fibula | Caudocranial (CdCr) |
| You are about to take a ventrodorsal hip-extended view for a small dog. You will place the patient in dorsal recumbency, measure the thickest part of the pelvis and | Direct the central ray midline at the caudal portion of the ischium |
| Unfortunately, due to the nature of the injury, you are not able to move the upper unaffected limb out of the field of view for a lateral (mediolateral) view of the canine femur. You are best to | Angle the central ray distoproximally |
| You are positioning a patient for a lateral decubitus projection (ventrodorsal view using a horizontal beam). Which of the following is not true for this view | The hind legs should be pulled cranially in a straddle position and sandbagged |
| You want to obtain a survey radiograph of a dog's abdomen. What will most help you differentiate the various shades of gray between organs and structures | Using appropriate kVp and mAs |
| The veterinarian suspects that your patient's abdomen contains fluid or free gas in connection to either an abscess or a bowel loop. Which view is she most likely to request | Lateral decubitus |
| Which of the following is not a good advice when taking a lateral decubitus (ventrodorsal) view with a horizontal beam | The image receptor and central ray should be aimed at an angle parallel to both the sternum and spine |
| When viewing a dog's right kidney on an abdominal radiograph you are aware that | The normal kidney should be cranial to the left kidney |
| You are assessing a VD view of a dog. Which structure will be easiest to view, especially if no contrast medium is used | Kidney |
| To get maximum expiration for a lateral abdominal positioning | All of the above can be used |
| You want to obtain a lateral abdominal radiograph in a patient with consistent vomiting. You decide to | Use left lateral positioning to try to move gas into the pyloric antrum |
| When you take a ventrodorsal view of a male dog, the penis is superimposed over the bladder. What other view might you try next | Lateral oblique |
| You are radiographing the abdomen of a cat. You will | Do all of the above |
| You are positioning a patient for a dorsoventral thoracic inlet view; you will place the calipers | Between the ventral thoracic inlet and sternum just caudal to the limbs |
| The veterinarian suspects a patient's cancer may have metastasized. What views best detect metastasis | Both left and right lateral and dorsoventral |
| If cardiac disease is suspected, and views are recommended | Right or left lateral, dorsoventral |
| Which of the following is not contained within the mediastinum | Right and left pleural sacs |
| To help confirm a suspected diagnosis of bronchial collapse, you have taken a lateral left thorax radiograph of a small dog | During expiration |
| One method of determining heart size involves measuring the lengths of the long and short axes of the heart and scaling them against the lengths of the | Vertebral bodies that lie dorsal to the heart beginning with T4 |
| You are positioning a patient for a left lateral view; you will measure | Over the caudal border of the scapula over the thickest part of the thorax |
| The veterinarian suspects a pleural fluid or a mediastinal mass in a small dog's thoracic cavity. For this reason, you will | Dorsoventral or ventrodorsal oblique, 20- to 30-degree |
| As you position for a thoracic image, you are careful to include structures from the to the most caudodorsal lung field | Cranial thoracic inlet |
Created by:
Scoots223