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AP-US history
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Industrial Capitalism | Economic system based on large-scale manufacturing and capital investment. |
| Monopoly | Complete control of a product or service by one company. |
| Trust | Combination of corperations designed to reduce competition and control prices |
| Cartel | Association of companies that agree to control production and prices |
| Consolidation | Process of combining seperate companies into one larger entity |
| Vertigal integration | Company controls all stages of production from raw materials to finished product. |
| Horizontal integration | Companies buys out competitors in the same industry |
| Laissez-faire | Economic philosophy that government should not interfere in buisness |
| Industrialist | Person who owns or manages a large factory or manufacturing business |
| Captain of Industry | Positive term for industrialist credited with creating jobs |
| Robber Baron | Negative term for industrialist who uses unethical methods to accumulate wealth |
| Labor Union | Organization of workers formed to protect their interests |
| Strike | Work stoppage by employees to demand better conditions or wages |
| Collective Bargining | Negotiation between employees to demand better conditions or wages |
| Sweatshop | Workplace with poor conditions, long hours, and low pay. |
| Wages | Payment given to workers for labor. |
| American Federation of Labor (AFL) | Labor organization founded in 1886 |
| Knights of Labor | Early labor organization focused on broad social reform |
| Migrant | Person who moves from one place to another within a country |
| Migration | Moving from one place to another |
| Push Factor | conditions that force people to leave their home |
| Pull Factor | Attractions that draw people to a new loaction |
| Nativism | Belief that native-born citizens should be favored over immigrants |
| Ethnic Enclave | Neighborhood where a particular ethnic group concentrates. |
| Assimilation | Process of adopting the culture of a new country |
| Tenement | Crowded apartment building with poor living conditions |
| Political Machine | Organization controlled by a boss that provides services for political support |
| Patronage | System of giving jobs and favors to supporters |
| Graft | Corruption through dishonest use of public office |
| Bribery | Offering payment to influence actions |
| Tariff | Tax on important goods |
| Subsidy | Goverment financial support to a buisness |
| Hard Money | Currency backed by gold |
| Soft Money | Paper currency not backed by gold |
| Greenback | Paper money issued during the Civil War |
| Gold Standard | Monetary system backed by gold |
| Populism | Political movement supporting goverment action to reduce inequality |
| Populist Party | Political party formed in 1892 to represent farmers and workers |
| Progressivism | Reform movement addressing industrial society problems |
| Temperance | Movement to reduce or eliminate alchohol consumption. |
| Social Darwinism | Belief that competition rewards rewards the stongest |
| Interstate Commerce Act | First federal law regulating buisness |
| Sherman Anti-Trust Act | Law prohibiting monopolies and trusts |
| Panic of 1873 | Many economic crisis exposing weaknesses in industrial capitalism |
| Omaha Platform | Populist party reform platform |
| Muckraking | Investigative jounalism jounalism exposing courruption and social problems |
| Ida Tarbell and Standard Oil | Tarbell's investigative jornalism on Standard Oil monopoly (1902-1904) |
| Upton Sinclair and The Jungle | 1906 muckraking novel depicting meatpacking conditions . |
| Antitrust Suit/ Trust-Busting | Federal legal actions against against monopolistic corperations under Roosevelt and Taft. |
| Labor Movement / Trade Unionism | Organized efforts by workers to improve condition through collective action. |
| Pullman Strike(1894) | Nationwide railroad strike met with federal troops that killed workers |
| Imperialism | Policy extended country's power through territorial aquisition and economic domination. |
| Monroe Doctrine(1823) | US policy declaring Western Hemisphere off-limits to European colonization |
| Roosevelt Corollary(1904) | Theodore Roosevelt's assertion of US right to intervene in Latin America |
| Dollar Diplomacy | Foreign policy using economic investments and financial pressure for influence |
| Spanish-American War(1898) | Military conflict with Spain resulting in American territorial acquisitions. |
| Phillippines/ Filipino-American War | American military occupation met with fierce Filipino resistance. |
| Anti-imperialism / Anti-Imperialist League | Political movement opposing American imperial expansion. |
| Civilization Mission | Ideological justification for imperialism based on Western superiority. |
| Manifest Destiny | 19th-century belif that American expansion was justified and inevitable . |
| Open Door Policy(1899) | American diplomatic initiative demanding equal commercial access to China. |
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