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Urinary system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Functions of the urinary system | regulate the composition of blood by filtering it, regulate the pH of blood, maintain blood pressure, excrete water and wastes, helps to regulate metabolism |
| What is the main function of the kidneys? | To filter blood and form urine |
| What is a nephron? | there are millions of nephrons in each kidney and they are composed of small tubes to carry and filter blood. |
| What fluid are produced in the kidneys? | urine |
| Ureters | Small tubes extending from the renal pelvis to carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder |
| Bladder | Sac like structure that functions to hold urine until micturition |
| Urethra | small tube that transports urine from the bladder to the outside of body. (around 2 in. for female and 8 in. for male) |
| What is incontinence? | The sudden urge to urinate without control. |
| What do the kidneys look like? | They are reddish orange colored and resemble a kidney bean |
| What is the renal cortex? | The cortex is the outer portion of the kidney |
| What is the renal medulla? | The renal medulla is the inside portion of the kidney that holds all of the functioning units. |
| What are calyces? | conduits in the kidney that carry urine to the pyramids. |
| Renal pelvis | large cavity within each kidney that collects urine from the renal pyramids |
| Renal Corpuscle | Tiny bulb-like area in the kidneys where fluid is filtered while passing through |
| Afferent arteriole | brings oxygenated blood into the glomerulus |
| Efferent arteriole | blood vessel that exits the glomerulus |
| Fenestrae | large pores that waste products diffuse |
| Podocytes | cells of the wall of the glomerulus. they act as a filtration membrane |
| Glomerulonephritis | inflammation and damage to the glomerulus of the kidney |
| Juxtaglomerular apparatus | plays an important role in production of urine and blood pressure. it is located where the distal tubule touches the afferent arterioles |
| What is the function of a nephron? | they're responsible for filtering the blood by regulating blood pH, regulating blood concentration, removes wastes from the blood, and production of urine |
| What are the three basic phases of urine formation | filtration, reabsorption, secretion |
| Filtration | The quick filtering of elements in the glomerulus with help of the fenestrate and podocytes. These elements are filtered into the renal tubule |
| Reabsorption | Reabsorption is the process in which certain elements are taken back into the blood through diffusion |
| Secretion | the last step, last minute wastes secreted into renal tubule and then urination happens. it helps to control the blood's pH. |
| Renal failure | condition in which one or both kidneys no longer function on their own |
| Urinalysis (UA) | analysis of volume, physical, chemical, and other properties of urine. |
| How can temperature affect urination? | When your body temp is high, the amount of urine will be reduced. |
| What is urine composed of? | 95% water, urea, uric acid, creatine, and ketone bodies. |
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