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Middle Ages Europe
Global 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How do you know that the Catholic Church was powerful in Medieval Europe? | Pope and clergy were at top of hierarchy, near the monarchy |
| Where was the Church located that showed it was powerful in Medieval Europe? | It was the center of the manor |
| What power did the Pope have over kings? | He could put spells on them or take their position away |
| What was the most important force in providing unity and STABILITY in western Europe? | military |
| What were Western European societies influenced by? | The Byzantine Empires |
| What was the most important force in providing unity in western Europe? | church |
| Who decided when warfare took place? | landlords |
| What role did the Catholic church play during the Middle Ages? | spiritual activities |
| What is Europe's Middles Ages referred to? | Age of Faith |
| The roman Catholic Church became a stabilizer during a time of... | chaos and disorder |
| What kind of leadership did the church provide? | religious and secular (worldly/nonreligious) |
| What did the Church play a key role in? | learning |
| Whose teachings did the Church spread? | Jesus |
| What did Christianity teach? | Christians could achieve salvation (eternal life in heaven), through faith in Jesus and participation in the sacraments |
| What other power did the Church have? | largest landholder (economic power) |
| How did the church gain wealth? | through a tithe (tax equal to 1/10 of their income) |
| What was the tax (tithe) use for? | build convents, monasteries and great cathedrals |
| What were the church laws called? | Canon Law |
| What does excommunicated mean? | no longer considered a member of the Christian faith (denied salvation) |
| What political power did the church have? | laws, courts, can excommunicate rulers and people |
| What social power did the Church have? | The teachings were the rules of life |
| What are crusades? | Holy wars- military expedition against enemies of the church |
| Who invaded the Byzantine Empire in 1060's? | Seljuk Turks (Muslim) |
| Who did Byzantine ask for help? | Pope Urban II |
| Why did Pope help? | the Turks also took over the holy land (Jerusalem and Palestine where Jesus lived and taught) |
| Where did Pope Urban II call for a crusade? | Council of Clermont 1095 |
| Why did Pope Urban II preach a crusade? | He hoped it would reunite the Christian church (Orthodox in the Byzantine and Roman Catholic in west) |
| Why did peasants and knights join the crusade? | wanted salvation, to be rich, and be excused from debts and taxes |
| What was the outcome of the first crusade? | they won back Jerusalem, Muslim and Jews were massacred |
| What did crusaders gain from the first crusade? | four small stated, each ruled by a European noble |
| In 1187, what happened to Jerusalem? | It fell to Muslim, Saladin |
| What happened in the third crusade? 1291 | Muslims captured the last Christian outpost and defeated the Christians. |
| What are three farming technologies that developed during the agricultural revolution in the Middle Ages? | iron plow, harness, windmill |
| What farming system developed during the agricultural revolution in the Middle Ages? | three field system- first field- grains; second field- legumes (peas/beans); third field- fallow (unplanted) |
| What happened to the population of Europe between 1000-1300? | tripled |
| During the Middle Ages there was a commercial revolution in Europe. What did a growing population and increase in trade lead to? | growth of cities and towns |
| During the Middle Ages there was a commercial revolution in Europe. What did a growing population lead to? | new social class- the middle class (merchants, traders, and artisans) |
| What is a guild? | an association of merchants or artisans- all people who worked on one craft would join together (baking, weaving) |
| What did guilds do? | protected their workers- work hours, prices of goods, hospitals, training and apprentices |
| What is capitalism? | economic system based on trade and capital (money used for investment) |
| What are partnerships? | small groups of merchants pooled their funds to finance a large scale trading venture |
| What are joint stock companies? | allowed many merchants to pool their funds and invest in trading ventures around the world |
| What did Banking allow? | allowed merchants to borrow money for overseas trading ventures; also get money to travel |
| What is a Bill of Exchange? | exchange money so merchants didn't have to carry gold coins |
| What is insurance? | For a small fee, it helps reduce business risks. |
| Where did the Black Death originate? | China |
| What types of routes did the Black Death travel on? | trade routes (trans Saharan) |
Created by:
bcataldi25