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Stack #4623127
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ethical principle of refraining from causing harm or preventing intentional harm from occurring | Nonmaleficence |
| A surgeon makes the decision for an unresponsive patient that the patient must be taken to the operating room immediately to remove a large clot pressing on the patient's brain. Family is unable to be reached. Which principle best applies? | Paternalism |
| "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you" is considered by Immanuel Kant as the | Golden Rule |
| A __________ __________ requires another to provide you with either a good or service and is considered an entitlement. Social Security is an example if eligibility requirements are met | Positive right |
| The two conditions necessary for autonomy in health care are: freedom from coercion and the ability to verbalize one's decision | False (The two conditions are freedom from coercion and competence/understanding information. Agency and understanding are also required) |
| The study of what is right and wrong is known as | Normative ethics |
| Virtue ethics is founded in the writings of | Aristotle |
| Which ethical theory emphasizes outcomes and consequences rather than intent? | Consequentialism |
| __________ __________ is most commonly used to make health care policy decisions | Rule utilitarianism |
| The two non-Kantian deontologists discussed in Chapter 1 are John Rawls and | Robert Nozick |
| Ethical relativism purports that | There is no absolute ethical theory |
| Being faithful to your patients and keeping promises is known as | Fidelity |
| To act with kindness, charity, and to "benefit" the patient is | Beneficence |
| Which theorist believed we must act based on duty to moral law and not consequences? | Immanuel Kant |
| The principle of double effect is associated with which ethical theory? | Natural law |
| Eudaimonia refers to the pursuit of | Character and virtue |
| Philosophers have developed a satisfactory ethical theory that applies to all situations | False |
| Which ethical principle requires equal distribution of benefits and burdens? | Justice |
| Which ethical principle focuses on honesty and truth-telling? | Veracity |
| A nurse refuses to falsify documentation despite pressure from a supervisor. Which principle is demonstrated? | Veracity |
| According to Chapter 2, distributive justice may allow discrimination based on (Select all that apply) | Structural social problems, Past discrimination, Misfortune or disability |
| Which are components of autonomy? (Select all that apply) | Freedom from coercion, Competence, Agency, Understanding information |
| Which are examples of authority-based ethics? (Select all that apply) | The Catholic Church, The American Medical Association, Jewish faith |
| Which statements are consistent with virtue ethics? (Select all that apply) | Character develops over time, Practical wisdom is essential, Eudaimonia is the highest good |
| Which statements about harm are correct? (Select all that apply) | Harm in the clinical setting negatively affects patients, Double effect is associated with natural law, Olson (2017) supports system analysis for wrongdoing |
| Ethical principles commonly used in nursing include (Select all that apply) | Autonomy, Beneficence, Fidelity |
| Which theories focus primarily on justice? (Select all that apply) | John Rawls, Robert Nozick |
| Which situations justify paternalism? (Select all that apply) | Patient is unconscious, Patient lacks decision-making capacity, Immediate life-threatening emergency |
| Acting to benefit the patient | Beneficence |
| Duty to keep promises | Fidelity |
| Obligation to tell the truth | Veracity |
| Avoidance of harm | Nonmaleficence |
| Fair distribution of resources | Justice |
| Respecting patient choice | Autonomy |
| Which element is incorrect in an APA book chapter citation? | Capitalizing each word of the chapter title (should use sentence case) |
| The title of a book in APA format should be | Italicized |
| Which is required for APA book chapter references? | Page range |
| A nurse administers emergency treatment to a confused hypoxic patient who initially refuses care. Which principle applies? | Beneficence |
| A hospital implements a policy that benefits the majority of patients but creates inconvenience for a small group. Which theory supports this? | Rule utilitarianism |
| A provider respects a competent patient's refusal of treatment even though harm may result. Which principle is prioritized? | Autonomy |
| Identify two ethical principles in conflict in the Jerika Bolen case and briefly explain why | |
| Apply one ethical theory to argue FOR allowing Jerika Bolen to end her life | |
| Apply one ethical theory to argue AGAINST allowing Jerika Bolen to end her life | |
| A nurse believes lying is always morally wrong regardless of the outcome. Which ethical theory does this most closely reflect? | Deontology |
| A hospital chooses not to fund a rare, extremely expensive medication that would benefit one patient but exhaust resources needed for many others. Which theory best supports this decision? | Rule utilitarianism |
| Which ethical theory assumes humans are rational beings capable of distinguishing right from wrong through reason and nature? | Natural law |
| A nurse reflects on how repeated ethical choices shape her moral character over time. This aligns with | Virtue ethics |
| A provider justifies an action by stating, "I followed my duty, regardless of the consequences." This statement reflects | Deontology |
| Which ethical principle is MOST violated when a nurse withholds relevant information that would affect a patient's decision-making? | Autonomy |
| A nurse treats all patients the same despite personal beliefs. Which principle is best demonstrated? | Justice |
| A nurse promises to return with pain medication and follows through. Which principle applies? | Fidelity |
| A provider refuses to participate in a procedure they believe is morally wrong. Which ethical concept is MOST relevant? | Conscientious objection |
| Which ethical theory is MOST criticized for failing to protect minority populations? | Utilitarianism |
| Which principle takes priority when life-saving treatment is delayed due to ethical uncertainty? | Value of life |
| A nurse considers family dynamics, relationships, and emotional context when making decisions. Which ethical framework is this? | Care ethics |
| Which ethical concept recognizes that there are no perfect answers, only better ones? | Ethical dilemmas |
| Which theory most strongly supports respecting a competent adult's refusal of life-saving treatment? | Deontology |
| A patient refuses treatment due to religious beliefs. Which must be assessed FIRST? | Patient competency |
| Jerika Bolen suffered from spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Which ethical principle most strongly supports honoring her wish to discontinue life-sustaining treatment? | Autonomy |
| Which principle conflicts MOST directly with respecting Jerika Bolen's autonomy? | Beneficence |
| Jerika's age complicates the ethical analysis primarily because it raises concerns about | Competency |
| Using natural law theory, which argument would most likely be used AGAINST allowing Jerika to end her life? | Life must be preserved to allow fulfillment of potential |
| Using virtue ethics, which argument would support honoring Jerika's decision? | Respecting character, courage, and practical wisdom |
| Which stakeholders must be considered in Jerika Bolen's case? (Select all that apply) | Jerika, Parents, Health care team, Society |
| Which ethical issue is MOST central to the Jerika Bolen case? | Competency and autonomy |
| Hospice care in Jerika's case raises which ethical concern? | Whether hospice replaces curative care |
| A provider argues that allowing Jerika to end her life sets a dangerous precedent. This argument reflects concern about | Slippery slope |
| An ER nurse restrains an intoxicated patient attempting to leave despite risk of harm. Which principle justifies this action? | Nonmaleficence |
| The Utah ER nurse frequently asks, "What harm would occur if I did nothing?" This question reflects which ethical principle? | Nonmaleficence |
| An ER nurse administers naloxone despite a patient previously stating they "don't want help" while actively overdosing. Which principle is prioritized? | Beneficence |
| Which ethical principle is temporarily overridden when emergency care is provided without consent? | Autonomy |
| The Utah ER nurse documents objectively and avoids personal judgment. Which principle is demonstrated? | Veracity |
| An ER nurse treats a violent patient respectfully despite threats. Which ethical framework supports this behavior? | Virtue ethics |
| Which ethical concept explains why ER nurses must often act quickly without complete information? | Ethical dilemmas |
| A patient regains capacity and refuses further care after emergency stabilization. What must the nurse do NEXT? | Respect autonomy |
| Identify two ethical principles in conflict in the Utah ER nurse scenario involving intoxicated patients | The ethical principles in conflict are autonomy and beneficence. While the patient may initially refuse care, the nurse must act to prevent serious harm or death. In emergency situations, beneficence may temporarily override autonomy |
| Compare how deontology and utilitarianism would approach an ER overdose scenario | Deontology would focus on the duty to preserve life and respect the inherent dignity of the person, acting based on moral rules regardless of outcomes. Utilitarianism would consider the consequences and overall benefit, justifying life-saving intervention |
| Explain how paternalism can be ethically justified in emergency nursing | Paternalism is ethically justified when a patient lacks decision-making capacity and immediate action is required to prevent serious harm. In emergency settings, nurses may act in the patient's best interest until the patient regains competency |
| Identify one similarity and one difference between the Jerika Bolen case and emergency ER ethics | Similarity: Both involve tension between autonomy and beneficence. Difference: Jerika had time for careful competency assessment and deliberation, while ER scenarios require immediate action without full information |
| Why is assessing competency essential before respecting patient autonomy? | Autonomy requires that a patient has the ability to understand information, appreciate consequences, and make voluntary decisions. Without competency, respecting autonomy could result in harm rather than true self-determination |
| Fill-in: The duty to avoid causing harm | Nonmaleficence |
| Fill-in: The duty to act for the benefit of others | Beneficence |
| Fill-in: Respect for a person's right to make decisions | Autonomy |
| Fill-in: Fair distribution of benefits and burdens | Justice |
| Fill-in: Faithfulness and keeping promises | Fidelity |
| Fill-in: Truth-telling | Veracity |
| Fill-in: Making decisions for another to prevent harm | Paternalism |
| Fill-in: Selfless concern for others | Altruism |
| Fill-in: The study of what is right and wrong | Normative ethics |
| Fill-in: Duty-based ethics | Deontology |
| Fill-in: Outcome-based ethics | Consequentialism |
| Fill-in: Greatest good for the greatest number | Utilitarianism |
| Fill-in: Character-based ethics | Virtue ethics |
| Fill-in: Ethics based on reason and nature | Natural law theory |
| Fill-in: No absolute ethical theory | Ethical relativism |
| Fill-in: Universal moral rule (Kant) | Categorical imperative |
| Fill-in: Flourishing through virtue (Aristotle) | Eudaimonia |
| Fill-in: Requires provision of a good or service | Positive right |
| Fill-in: Freedom from interference | Negative right |
| Fill-in: Principle associated with natural law regarding intent vs outcome | Principle of double effect |
| Fill-in: Justice theorist who proposed the "veil of ignorance" | John Rawls |
| Fill-in: Justice theorist focused on autonomy and individual rights | Robert Nozick |
| Fill-in: The theory founded by Aristotle | Virtue ethics |
| Fill-in: The philosopher associated with natural law | St. Thomas Aquinas |
| Why is Jerika Bolen's age ethically significant? | Jerika's age is ethically significant because it raises concerns about competency and decision-making capacity. Minors may lack the full ability to understand long-term consequences, making it necessary to carefully assess whether her decision reflects in |
| Identify the key stakeholders in Jerika Bolen's case | Key stakeholders include Jerika Bolen, her parents and family, the healthcare team, and society, as the decision has broader implications for how similar cases may be handled in the future |
| Why is autonomy often temporarily overridden in emergency situations? | Autonomy may be temporarily overridden when patients are unconscious, intoxicated, or cognitively impaired, making them unable to make informed decisions. In these cases, beneficence and nonmaleficence guide care until capacity is restored |
| Apply beneficence to a naloxone administration scenario | Administering naloxone demonstrates beneficence because the nurse is acting to save the patient's life and promote well-being, even if the patient previously refused care while impaired |
| What ethical principle guides ER nurses when they ask, "What harm would occur if I did nothing?" | This question reflects nonmaleficence, which requires healthcare providers to avoid causing harm or allowing preventable harm to occur |
| Explain the difference between the Golden Rule and the Categorical Imperative | The Golden Rule focuses on treating others as you would want to be treated, based on personal perspective. The categorical imperative requires acting according to moral rules that could be applied universally, regardless of personal preferences |
| Why is rule utilitarianism used in healthcare policy? | Rule utilitarianism is used in healthcare policy because it promotes the greatest good for the greatest number by establishing consistent rules. This approach helps allocate resources fairly while allowing exceptions in special circumstances |
| Explain distributive justice in the clinical setting | Distributive justice involves the fair allocation of healthcare resources. While equal treatment is ideal, ethical discrimination may occur based on factors such as medical need, past discrimination, or structural social problems |
| How does virtue ethics apply to nursing practice? | Virtue ethics emphasizes character development and practical wisdom. In nursing, ethical care arises from cultivating virtues such as compassion, integrity, and courage, which guide decision-making in complex situations |
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