A reform movement led by Protestant ministers who used religious doctrine to demand better housing and living conditions for the urban poor.

Young reporters who boosted the circulations of their magazines by writing exposés of widespread corruption in American society, and helped spur the passage of reform legislation.

A progressive reform measure allowing voters to petition to have a law placed on the general ballot.

A progressive reform procedure allowing voters to place a bill on the ballot for final approval, even after being passed by the legislature.

A progressive ballot procedure allowing voters to remove elected officials from office.

A system that allows voters privacy in marking their ballot choices, used to help counteract boss rule.

A Supreme Court case in which attorney Louis D. Brandeis persuaded the Supreme Court to accept the constitutionality of limiting the hours of women workers.

A Supreme Court decision that invalidated a state law establishing a ten-hour day for bakers. It held that the “right to free contract” was implicit in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

A fire that had broken out in a factory in New York City, resulting in 146 worker deaths, which could have been avoided by adhering to proper fire codes. The incident sparked widespread outrage and inspired legislation to improve workplace safety.

Law passed by Congress to impose penalties on railroads that offered rebates and customers who accepted them. The law strengthened the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887.

A law passed by Congress to subject meat shipped over state lines to federal inspection. The publication of The Jungle disgusted American consumers with its descriptions, mobilizing public support for government action.

Pure Food and Drug Act

A law passed by Congress to inspect and regulate the labeling of all foods and pharmaceuticals intended for human consumption.

Congress authorized that money be collected from the sale of public lands in the sun-baked western states and then use these funds for the construction of dams and the development of irrigation projects.

A financial crisis that triggered widespread bankruptcies and caused the stock market to lose half its value from the previous year.

After the shooting of two white men, African American soldiers stationed at nearby Fort Brown were blamed. Theodore Roosevelt ordered the discharge of about 150 “buffalo soldiers,” stripping them of payment and employment in federal civil service jobs.

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APUSH ch 27

Term	Definition
social gospel	A reform movement led by Protestant ministers who used religious doctrine to demand better housing and living conditions for the urban poor.
muckrakers	Young reporters who boosted the circulations of their magazines by writing exposés of widespread corruption in American society, and helped spur the passage of reform legislation.
initiative	A progressive reform measure allowing voters to petition to have a law placed on the general ballot.
referendum	A progressive reform procedure allowing voters to place a bill on the ballot for final approval, even after being passed by the legislature.
recall	A progressive ballot procedure allowing voters to remove elected officials from office.
australian ballot	A system that allows voters privacy in marking their ballot choices, used to help counteract boss rule.
Muller v Oregon	A Supreme Court case in which attorney Louis D. Brandeis persuaded the Supreme Court to accept the constitutionality of limiting the hours of women workers.
Lochner v New York	A Supreme Court decision that invalidated a state law establishing a ten-hour day for bakers. It held that the “right to free contract” was implicit in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Triangle Shirtwaist	A fire that had broken out in a factory in New York City, resulting in 146 worker deaths, which could have been avoided by adhering to proper fire codes. The incident sparked widespread outrage and inspired legislation to improve workplace safety.
Teddy Roosevelt
Square Deal
Elkins Act	Law passed by Congress to impose penalties on railroads that offered rebates and customers who accepted them. The law strengthened the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887.
Meat Inspection Act	A law passed by Congress to subject meat shipped over state lines to federal inspection. The publication of The Jungle disgusted American consumers with its descriptions, mobilizing public support for government action.
Pure Food and Drug Act	A law passed by Congress to inspect and regulate the labeling of all foods and pharmaceuticals intended for human consumption.
Newlands Act	Congress authorized that money be collected from the sale of public lands in the sun-baked western states and then use these funds for the construction of dams and the development of irrigation projects.
Panic of 1907	A financial crisis that triggered widespread bankruptcies and caused the stock market to lose half its value from the previous year.
Brownsville Affair	After the shooting of two white men, African American soldiers stationed at nearby Fort Brown were blamed. Theodore Roosevelt ordered the discharge of about 150 “buffalo soldiers,” stripping them of payment and employment in federal civil service jobs.

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