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Chem quiz unit 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gas | Particles are far apart in rapid motion. Compressible, indefinite shape and volume. |
| Solid | Particles are close together and locked in orientation. Not compressible, definite shape and volume. |
| Liquid | Particles are close together and slip around each other. Compressible, indefinite shape, definite volume |
| Crystalline Solid | Regular structure that repeats. |
| Amorphous Solid | Regular structure that does not repeat. |
| Fusion | Solid to liquid |
| Vaporization | Liquid to Gas, breaks ALL IMFs |
| Ionization | Gas to Plasma |
| Recombination | Plasma to Gas |
| Condensation | Gas to Liquid |
| Freezing | Liquid to Solid |
| Supercritical fluid | Outcome is neither liquid or gas (dry ice) |
| Sublimation | Solid to gas |
| Deposition | Gas to solid |
| Permanent Dipole | Oxygen is very electronegative and pulls electrons to itself |
| Molecules closely spaced | Not easily compressible |
| Dispersion | Weakest, All molecules |
| Dipole-Dipole | Polar molecules, stronger than dispersion |
| Hydrogen Bonding | H is bonded to N,O, F. If there is HB, then there is dipole-dipole |
| Ion- Dipole | Polar and metal+nonmetal group. Strongest |
| A solution is NOT homogenous when | non polar + polar |
| "Normal Boiling Point" | Vaporization line |
| "Melting Point" | Fusion line |
| Solution | Homogenous mixture of two or more components |
| Solute | Minor component |
| Solvent | Major component |
| Solubility | Amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent. |
| Evaporation rate depends on: | -Temperature (hotter=faster) -Surface Area (larger=faster) -IMF Strength (weaker=faster) |
| Entropy | Nature favors randomness. |
| IMF | Strong solute-solvent= easier to dissolve |
| Like dissolves like | Polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents Non polar solutes dissolve in non-polar solvents |
| Warm liquids | hold less gass (dissolves gas poorly) |
| Gas solubility increases with | pressure and lower temperature |
| Colloids | Mixture that looks homogenous but has microscopic phases. Particles are larger than in a solution but small enough to remain dispersed (whipped cream, milk, fog, smoke) |
| Tyndall effect | Colloids scatter light, unlike true solutions |
| Triple point | the temperature and pressure where liquid, solid, and gas are equally stable and are in equilibrium |
| Viscosity | Liquid's resistance to flow |
| Capillary Action | Water climb up glass surfaces. |
| Surface Tension | Tendency for surface of a liquid to resist an external force. |
| What change of conditions can result in gas to solid? | decrease heat or increase pressure |
| Higher altitude means | lower boiling point |
| Unsaturated Solution | Less solute than equilibrium amount |
| Saturated Solution | Contains maximum amount of solute at equilibrium |
| Recrystallization | Purifies solids |
| What change of conditions can result in gas to liquid? | decrease temperature and increase pressure |
Created by:
Brookelol