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Q3 - Pharmacotherapy

Quarter 3 Pharmacotherapy

Generic nameDrug overview
insulin lispro Brand name: Humalog Class: Rapid-acting insulin Indication: Diabetes mellitus Pearls: - Rapid-acting mealtime insulin; inject right before meals - Unopened vials/pens: refrigerate 36°F–46°F (2°C–8°C) - Room-temperature BUD: 28 days once opened
insulin aspart Brand name: Novolog Class: Rapid-acting insulin Indication: Diabetes mellitus Pearls: - Meal-time insulin - Unopened vials/pens: refrigerate 36°F–46°F (2°C–8°C) - Room-temperature BUD: 28 days once opened
insulin regular Brand name: Humulin R; Novolin R Class: Short-acting insulin Indication: Diabetes mellitus Pearls: - Unopened vials/pens: refrigerate 36°F–46°F (2°C–8°C) - Room-temp BUD: Humulin R 31 days; Novolin R 42 days once opened
insulin isophane (NPH) Brand name: Humulin N; Novolin N Class: Intermediate-acting insulin Indication: Diabetes mellitus Pearls: - Cloudy appearance - Unopened vials/pens: refrigerate 36°F–46°F (2°C–8°C) - Room-temp BUD: Humulin N 31 days; Novolin N 42 days once opened
insulin glargine Brand name: Lantus; Basaglar; Toujeo Class: Long-acting insulin Indication: Diabetes Pearls: - Basal insulin; usually dosed once daily - Unopened vials/pens: refrigerate 36°F–46°F (2°C–8°C) - Room-temp BUD: Lantus & Basaglar 28 days; Toujeo 56 days
insulin detemir Brand name: Levemir Class: Long-acting insulin Indication: Diabetes mellitus Pearls: - Basal insulin - Usually dosed 1-2 times daily - Unopened vials/pens: refrigerate 36°F–46°F (2°C–8°C) - Room-temperature BUD: 42 days once opened
insulin degludec Brand name: Tresiba Class: Long-acting insulin Indication: Diabetes mellitus Pearls: - Basal insulin - Usually dosed once daily - Unopened vials/pens: refrigerate 36°F–46°F (2°C–8°C) - Room-temperature BUD: 56 days once opened
insulin lispro protamine / insulin lispro 75/25 Brand name: Humalog Mix 75/25 Class: Combination insulin Indication: Diabetes mellitus Pearls: - Contains basal + mealtime insulin - Unopened vials/pens: refrigerate 36°F–46°F (2°C–8°C)
insulin lispro protamine / insulin lispro 50/50 Brand name: Humalog Mix 50/50 Class: Combination insulin Indication: Diabetes mellitus Pearls: - Contains basal + mealtime insulin - Unopened vials/pens: refrigerate 36°F–46°F (2°C–8°C)
insulin NPH / insulin regular 70/30 Brand name: Novolin 70/30 Class: Combination insulin Indication: Diabetes mellitus Pearls: - Contains basal + mealtime insulin - Unopened vials/pens: refrigerate 36°F–46°F (2°C–8°C)
insulin aspart protamine / insulin aspart 70/30 Brand name: Novolog 70/30 Class: Combination insulin Indication: Diabetes mellitus Pearls: - Contains basal + mealtime insulin - Unopened vials/pens: refrigerate 36°F–46°F (2°C–8°C)
metformin Brand name: Glucophage Class: Biguanide Indication: Diabetes mellitus - Type 2 Pearls: - First-line therapy for type 2 diabetes - ADR: Nausea, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort
glipizide Brand name: Glucotrol Class: Sulfonylurea Indication: Diabetes mellitus - Type 2 Pearls: - ADR: Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) - Take with a meal to minimize risk of hypoglycemia
glyburide Brand name: Diabeta Class: Sulfonylurea Indication: Diabetes mellitus - Type 2 Pearls: - ADR: Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) - Take with a meal to minimize risk of hypoglycemia
glimepiride Brand name: Amaryl Class: Sulfonylurea Indication: Diabetes mellitus - Type 2 Pearls: - ADR: Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) - Take with a meal to minimize risk of hypoglycemia
empagliflozin Brand name: Jardiance Class: SGLT-2 Inhibitor Indication: Diabetes mellitus - Type 2 Pearls: - Cause glucose to be excreted in urine - ADR: UTI (urinary tract infection)
canagliflozin Brand name: Invokana Class: SGLT-2 Inhibitor Indication: Diabetes mellitus - Type 2 Pearls: - Cause glucose to be excreted in urine - ADR: UTI (urinary tract infection)
dapagliflozin Brand name: Farxiga Class: SGLT-2 Inhibitor Indication: Diabetes mellitus - Type 2 Pearls: - Cause glucose to be excreted in urine - ADR: UTI (urinary tract infection)
sitagliptin Brand name: Januvia Class: DPP-4 inhibitor Indication: Diabetes mellitus - Type 2 Pearls: - Low risk of hypoglycemia
linagliptin Brand name: Tradjenta Class: DPP-4 inhibitor Indication: Diabetes mellitus - Type 2 Pearls: - Low risk of hypoglycemia
saxagliptin Brand name: Onglyza Class: DPP-4 inhibitor Indication: Diabetes mellitus - Type 2 Pearls: - Low risk of hypoglycemia
liraglutide Brand name: Victoza Class: GLP-1 agonist Indication: Diabetes mellitus - Type 2 Pearls: - Daily injection - Stored in the refrigerator at temperatures between 36°F and 46°F (2°C to 8°C) - May aid in weight loss - ADR: Nausea
semaglutide Brand name: Ozempic; Rybelsus Class: GLP-1 agonist Indication: Type 2 diabetes Pearls: - Ozempic = once-weekly injection. Refrigerate at 36°F to 46°F (2°C to 8°C) - Rybelsus = daily tablet. Store at room temp. - May aid in weight loss - ADR: Nausea
dulaglutide Brand name: Trulicity Class: GLP-1 agonist Indication: Diabetes mellitus - Type 2 Pearls: - Once-weekly injection - Stored in the refrigerator at temperatures between 36°F and 46°F (2°C to 8°C) - May aid in weight loss - ADR: Nausea
penicillin Brand name: N/A Class: Penicillin antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls: - Abbreviations: PCN or PenVK - Penicillin allergies are common - Use a separate counting tray when handling penicillin to help prevent cross-contamination
amoxicillin Brand name: Amoxil Class: Penicillin antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls: - Penicillin allergies are relatively common - Use a separate counting tray when handling penicillins to help prevent cross-contamination
amoxicillin / clavulanate Brand name: Augmentin Class: Penicillin antibiotic / beta-lactamase inhibitor Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls: - Clavulanate overcomes beta-lactamase resistance - Used when amoxicillin alone fails - Penicillin allergy risk; use separate tray
cefdinir Brand name: Omnicef Class: Cephalosporin antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls: - Lower risk of cross-reactivity in patients with penicillin allergy, but caution is still advised
cephalexin Brand name: Keflex Class: Cephalosporin antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls: - Lower risk of cross-reactivity in patients with penicillin allergy, but caution is still advised
cefuroxime Brand name: Ceftin Class: Cephalosporin antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls: - Lower risk of cross-reactivity in patients with penicillin allergy, but caution is still advised
azithromycin Brand name: Zithromax Class: Macrolide antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls: - Z-Pak: 5-day azithromycin dose pack (Day 1: 500 mg (two 250 mg tablets); Days 2–5: 250 mg once daily)
clarithromycin Brand name: Biaxin Class: Macrolide antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls:
erythromycin Brand name: Ery-Tab Class: Macrolide antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls:
ciprofloxacin Brand name: Cipro Class: Fluoroquinolone antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls:
levofloxacin Brand name: Levaquin Class: Fluoroquinolone antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls:
sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim Brand name: Bactrim Class: Sulfonamide antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls: - Sulfa allergies are relatively common - Use a separate counting tray when handling sulfonamide medications to help prevent cross-contamination
clindamycin Brand name: Cleocin Class: Lincosamide antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls: - Often used prophilactically before dental procedures - Available in topical formulations for acne
doxycycline Brand name: Vibramycin Class: Tetracycline antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls: - ADR: ↑ sensitivity to sunlight; risk of sunburns - ADR: Causes tooth discoloration; avoid in pregnancy and children <8 - ADR: Skin hyperpigmentation
tetracycline Brand name: N/A Class: Tetracycline antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls: - ADR: ↑ sensitivity to sunlight; risk of sunburns - ADR: Causes tooth discoloration; avoid in pregnancy and children <8 - ADR: Skin hyperpigmentation
nitrofurantoin Brand name: Macrobid; Macrodantin Class: Nitrofurantoin antibiotic Indication: Treatment of bacterial infections Pearls: - Only used to treat UTIs
metronidazole Brand name: Flagyl Class: Nitroimidazole antibiotic Indication: Treatment of bacterial infections Pearls: - Avoid alcohol during therapy and for at least 48 hours after completion (disulfiram-like reaction) - “-azole” suffix ≠ antifungal
mupirocin Brand name: Bactroban Class: Topical antibiotic Indication: Treatment of bacterial infections Pearls: - Used topically only (skin or intranasal formulations)
acyclovir Brand name: Zovirax Class: Antiviral Indication: Treatment of herpes virus infections (HSV, VZV) Pearls: - Used for herpes simplex and varicella-zoster (chickenpox/shingles) infections - Most effective when started early in the course of infection
valacyclovir Brand name: Valtrex Class: Antiviral Indication: Treatment of herpes virus infections (HSV, VZV) Pearls: - Used for herpes simplex and varicella-zoster (chickenpox/shingles) infections - Most effective when started early in the course of infection
oseltamivir Brand name: Tamiflu Class: Antiviral Indication: Prevent or treat influenza Pearls: - Most effective when started within 48 hours of symptom onset - Can be used for treatment and prophylaxis of influenza
clotrimazole Brand name: Lotrimin Class: Antifungal Indication: Fungal infections Pearls: - Available in topical and vaginal formulations - Commonly used for athlete’s foot, jock itch, and ringworm
fluconazole Brand name: Diflucan Class: Antifungal Indication: Fungal infections Pearls: - Often given as a single oral dose for vaginal yeast infections
ketoconazole Brand name: Nizoral Class: Antifungal Indication: Fungal infections Pearls: - Commonly used as a topical shampoo or cream - Oral ketoconazole is rarely used due to risk of serious liver toxicity
nystatin Brand name: Mycostatin Class: Antifungal Indication: Fungal infections Pearls: - Available as oral suspension, topical cream, and powder - Despite the suffix in its name, this is not a "statin" cholesterol medication
terbinafine Brand name: Lamisil Class: Antifungal Indication: Fungal infections Pearls: - Commonly used for onychomycosis (fungal nail infections) - Available in topical and oral formulations
oxybutynin Brand name: Ditropan Class: Anticholinergic (urinary antispasmodic) Indication: Overactive bladder, urinary urgency Pearls: - ADR: Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, drowsiness) - Use caution in older adults
tolterodine Brand name: Detrol Class: Anticholinergic (urinary antispasmodic) Indication: Overactive bladder, urinary urgency Pearls: - ADR: Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, drowsiness) - Use caution in older adults
solifenacin Brand name: Vesicare Class: Anticholinergic (urinary antispasmodic) Indication: Overactive bladder, urinary urgency Pearls: - ADR: Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, drowsiness) - Use caution in older adults
doxazosin Brand name: Cardura Class: Alpha 1 blocker Indication: Hypertension; BPH Pearls: - ADR: Orthostatic hypotension. Patients should rise slowly from sitting or lying positions - Alpha 1 blockers can treat HTN, BPH, or both. Doxazosin treats both.
terazosin Brand name: Hytrin Class: Alpha 1 blocker Indication: Hypertension; BPH Pearls: - ADR: Orthostatic hypotension. Patients should rise slowly from sitting or lying positions - Alpha 1 blockers can treat HTN, BPH, or both. Terazosin treats both.
prazosin Brand name: Minipress Class: Alpha 1 blocker Indication: Hypertension Pearls: - ADR: Orthostatic hypotension. Patients should rise slowly from sitting/lying positions - Alpha 1 blockers can treat HTN, BPH, or both. Prazosin treats HTN only.
tamsulosin Brand name: Flomax Class: Alpha 1 blocker Indication: BPH Pearls: - ADR: Orthostatic hypotension. Patients should rise slowly from sitting or lying positions - Alpha 1 blockers can treat HTN, BPH, or both. Tamsulosin treats BPH only.
sildenafil Brand name: Viagra Class: Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor Indication: Erectile dysfunction Pearls: - Do not use with nitrates (risk of severe hypotension) - ADR: Headache, flushing, and vision changes
tadalafil Brand name: Cialis Class: Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor Indication: Erectile dysfunction; BPH Pearls: - Do not use with nitrates (risk of severe hypotension) - ADR: Headache, flushing, and vision changes
phenazopyridine Brand name: Pyridium; AZO Class: Urinary tract analgesic Indication: UTI symptom relief Pearls: - Used for short-term symptom relief only; does not treat infection - Typically used ≤2 days along with antibiotics - Turns urine/body fluids orange-red
melatonin Brand name: Various Class: Dietary supplement (hormone) Indication: Insomnia Pearls: - Regulates sleep-wake cycle - Non-habit forming - ADR: Drowsiness
folic acid Brand name: Various Class: Dietary supplement Indication: Prevent folate deficiency; pregnancy supplementation Pearls: - Also known as Vitamin B9 - Prevents neural tube defects; often recommended during pregnancy
ferrous sulfate Brand name: Various Class: Iron supplement Indication: Iron-deficiency anemia (treatment or prevention) Pearls: - Best absorbed on empty stomach - ADR: Constipation and dark stools - Separate iron from other medications by several hours.
ergocalciferol Brand name: Various Class: Vitamin supplement Indication: Osteoporosis Pearls: - Also known as Vitamin D2 - Available in low-dose daily (400 - 2,000 IU) formulations - Available in high-dose (50,000 IU) weekly/monthly formulations
cholecalciferol Brand name: Various Class: Vitamin supplement Indication: Osteoporosis Pearls: - Also known as Vitamin D3 - Available in low-dose daily (400 - 2,000 IU) formulations - Available in high-dose (50,000 IU) weekly/monthly formulations
St. John's Wort Brand name: Various Class: Herbal antidepressant Indication: Mild depression Pearls: - Significant drug interactions; reduces effectiveness of oral contraceptives and many other medications
Ginkgo Biloba Brand name: Various Class: Herbal supplement Indication: Memory support Pearls: - May increase bleeding risk - Avoid with anticoagulants and antiplatelets
Echinacea Brand name: Various Class: Herbal supplement Indication: Cold symptom support Pearls: - Limited evidence of benefit - May cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals
Saw Palmetto Brand name: Various Class: Herbal supplement Indication: BPH symptom relief Pearls: - May improve urinary symptoms - Increased risk of bleeding especially with anticogaulants and antiplatelets
Black Cohosh Brand name: Various Class: Herbal supplement Indication: Menopausal symptoms Pearls: - Used for hot flashes - Reports of liver toxicity; use caution
Valerian root Brand name: Various Class: Herbal sedative Indication: Insomnia; anxiety Pearls: - Causes sedation - Avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants
Created by: pta78
 

 



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