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2.1.3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Otoscope | a handheld medical tool with a light and magnifying lens used to examine the ear canal and eardrum (tympanic membrane) to diagnose infections, inflammation, earwax buildup, or foreign objects |
| Structures of the Ear | Ear Canal Tympanic Membrane Ossicles Eustachian Tube Cochlea Semicircular Canals |
| Acute Otitis Media | a rapid-onset bacterial or viral infection of the middle ear, causing inflammation, fluid buildup, and pain, most common in children aged 6-24 months |
| Ophthalmoscope | a handheld medical instrument used to examine the interior of the eye, specifically the retina, optic disc, and vitreous humor, by projecting light through the pupil |
| Visual Accuity | measures the clarity or sharpness of vision |
| Conjunctivitis | the inflammation of the thin membrane covering the white part of the eye, commonly caused by viral infections, bacteria, allergies, or irritants |
| 4 Signs of Inflammation | Redness Swelling Heat Pain |
| Structures of the Oral Cavity | teeth (embedded in maxilla/mandible), salivary glands, gingiva (gums), and the uvula |
| Skin Cancer Screening (Mole Checks) | Asymmetry Boarder Color Diameter Evolving |
| Malignant | tumors or cells that grow uncontrollably, invade nearby tissues, and have the potential to spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body via the blood or lymph system. |
| Melanoma | a tumor of melanin-forming cells, especially a malignant tumor associated with skin cancer |
| Benign | a disease |
| Auscultation | a non-invasive diagnostic method of listening to internal body sounds—primarily heart, lungs, and intestines—using a stethoscope to detect abnormalities in frequency, intensity, and duration |
| Intercostal Space | the area between two adjacent ribs, filled with muscles, nerves, and blood vessels that are crucial for breathing and protecting the chest wall |
| Lub-Dub | represents the distinct sounds of the heart valves closing during a cardiac cycle |
| S1 & S2 sounds | the normal "lub-dub" heart sounds produced by the closing of heart valves during the cardiac cycle |
| Murmur | an extra or unusual blowing, whooshing, or swishing sound heard through a stethoscope during a heartbeat, indicating turbulent or rough blood flow within or near the heart |
| Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC) | extra, abnormal heartbeats originating in the lower ventricles, causing sensations of skipped beats, palpitations, or pounding |
| Structures of the Heart | Aortic Valve Pulmonic Valve Tricuspid Valve Mitral Valve Aorta / Atria Ventricle(s) |
| Abnormal Lung Sounds | Wheezing Crackles (Rales) Rhonchi Stridor |
| Structures of the Respiratory System | Trachea Larynx Lungs Bronchus / Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli Pleura |
| Diaphragm | a dome-shaped muscular partition separating the thorax from the abdomen in mammals. It plays a major role in breathing, as its contraction increases the volume of the thorax and so inflates the lungs. |
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