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anatomy 7

QuestionAnswer
What are the 3 functions of the nervous system Sensory input, integration, motor output
What are the nervous system classifications structures (structural) and activities (functional)
What is the structural classification of the nervous system Central Nervous (CNS) - Brain, spinal cord Peripheral Nervous (PNS) - Spinal and cranial nerves
What is the purpose of the CNS Command center (integration), interprets sensory information, issues outgoing instructions
What is the purpose of the PNS Spinal nerve - carry impulses to and from spinal cord Cranial nerves - carry impulses to and from brain Serves as communication lines among sensory organs and glands/muscles
What are the function classifications of the nervous system Sensory (afferent) division and motor (efferent) division
What does the sensory division of the nervous system do Nerve fibers carry information TO the CNS Somatic sensory (afferent) fibers carry info from skin, skeletal muscles, joints Visceral sensory (afferent) fibers carry information from visceral organs
What does the motor division of the nervous system do Nerve fibers carry impulses away FROM the CNS to effector organs (muscles and glands)
What are the subdivisions of the motor division Somatic = voluntary Autonomic = involuntary; divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic
What are the nervous tissue cell types Neuroglia (support cells AKA glial cells; unable to conduct nerve impulses) Neurons
What are the CNS glial cells Astrocytes (support/protect) Microglia (dispose debris) Ependymal cell (cilia assist with circulation of cerebrospinal fluid) Oligodendrocytes (produce myelin sheaths and provide insulatioN)
What are the PNS glial cells Schann cells (form myelin sheath around nerve fibers) Satellite cells (protect/cushion neuron cell bodies)
What are neurons Nerve cells, aka cells that are specialized to transmit messages - nerve impulses
What are the parts of a neuron Cell body (metabolic center) Dendrites (impulses toward cell body) Axons (impulses away from cell body) Synaptic cleft (gap between axon terminals) Synapse ( functional junction where nerve impulse transmitted) Myelin (white fatty; protects/insulate)
What are the parts of a neuron pt 2 Myelin sheaths Schwann cells - wrap axons Neurilemma - external to myelin sheath Nodes of Ranvier - gaps in myelin sheath Oligodendrocytes (produce myelin sheaths)
What are ganglia collections of cell bodies outside the CNS in the PNS
What is white matter Collections of myelinated fibers (tracts)
What is gray matter Mostly unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies
What receptors do sensory neurons include Cutaneous sense organs in skin, proprioceptors in muscles and tendons
What are the structural classifications of neurons based on the number of processes extending from the cell body Multipolar - many, most common Bipolar - rare in adults, one axon one dendrite, nose + eye Unipolar - short since process, found in PNS ganglia, conduct impulses toward and away cell body
What are the two major functional properties of neurons Irritability - ability to respond to stimulus and convert it to nerve impulse Conductivity - ability to transmit impulse to other neurons, muscles, or glands
Is a resting neuron polarized Yes; K+ major positive ion in cell; Na+ major positive ion outside cell
What are the two types of reflexes Somatic and autonomic
What is an autonomic reflex Regulate activity of smooth muscles, heart, glands
What is a somatic reflex Reflexes that stimulate the skeletal muscles
What are the five elements of a reflex arc sensor receptor (reacts), sensory neurons (carries message), integration center CNS (process info/directs motor output), motor neuron (carries message to effector), effector organ (stimulated muscle or gland)
Two-neuron reflex arcs simplest type, knee jerk
Three-neuron reflex arcs 5 elements, withdrawal reflex
Created by: serenitylockard
 

 



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