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2.1.4 Blood
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Referral | A written or verbal order from a healthcare provider requesting a patient receive specific medical services or tests. |
| Phlebotomy | The practice of drawing blood from a patient for testing, transfusions, or donations. |
| Components of Blood | The main parts of blood: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. |
| Leukocytes | White blood cells that help fight infection and support the immune system. |
| Erythrocytes | Red blood cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to the body using hemoglobin. |
| Plasma | The liquid portion of blood that carries cells, nutrients, hormones, and waste products. |
| Thrombocytes (Platelets) | Cell fragments that help blood clot and stop bleeding. |
| Hemoglobin | A protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen and carries it through the bloodstream. |
| Sickle Cell Disease | A genetic blood disorder where red blood cells are misshapen, causing pain and reduced oxygen flow. |
| Leukemia | A cancer of the blood-forming tissues that results in abnormal white blood cell production. |
| Hematocrit | The percentage of blood volume made up of red blood cells. |
| Anemia | A condition where the body has too few red blood cells or too little hemoglobin, leading to fatigue and weakness. |
| Polycythemia | A condition characterized by an abnormally high number of red blood cells. |
| Canula | A small tube inserted into a vein to allow access for fluids, blood draws, or medications. |
| Complete Blood Count (CBC) | A blood test that measures red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. |
| Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) | A blood test that measures glucose, electrolytes, kidney function, and acid-base balance. |
| Lipid Panel (Cholesterol Test) | A blood test that measures total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides. |
| Saturated Fat | A type of fat that can raise LDL cholesterol levels and increase heart disease risk. |
| Unsaturated Fat | A healthier type of fat that can help improve cholesterol levels. |
| Hypercholesterolemia | A condition of having high levels of cholesterol in the blood. |
| Plaque (Cholesterol) | Fatty deposits that build up in arteries and restrict blood flow. |
| Blood-borne Pathogen | A microorganism in blood that can cause disease, such as HIV or hepatitis B. |
| Universal Precautions | Safety measures used to prevent exposure to blood and bodily fluids by treating all as potentially infectious. |
| Veins of the Upper Limb | Veins in the arm commonly used for blood draws and IV access. |
| Brachiocephalic Vein | A large vein that carries blood from the head, neck, and arms back to the heart. |
| Subclavian Vein | A major vein located under the clavicle that drains blood from the upper limb. |
| Axillary Vein | A vein in the armpit area that continues from the basilic vein and becomes the subclavian vein. |
| Greater Cephalic Vein | A superficial vein on the lateral side of the arm commonly used for venipuncture. |
| Median Cubital Vein | A vein in the antecubital area that is the most common site for blood draws. |
| Basilic Vein | A superficial vein on the medial side of the arm often used for venipuncture or IV access. |
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