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Mythology Quiz 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aphrodite (Venus) | The most beautiful goddess. Married to Hephaestus. Has 2 main origin myths. |
| Aphrodite (Venus) Uranus Origin | Emerged from the seafoam created when Uranus' penis landed in the ocean. Associated with a more heavenly, intellectual love (between men). Less prominent version. |
| Aphrodite (Venus) Zeus Origin | Daughter of Zeus and Dione. Associated with the love between men and women. More passionate, lustful love. The more prominent version. |
| Eros (Cupid) | Child of Aphrodite and Ares. Wields a bow and arrow whose arrows can make people fall in love or in hate/disgust. |
| Hermaphroditus | Child of Aphrodite and Hermes. Very handsome. A nymph fell in love with him and prayed to be inseparable. Causes them to be merged to into one body. Etiology for Intersex people and hermaphrodism in animals. |
| Priapus | Child of Aphrodite and Dionysus. Portrayed as always erect (priapism). Statues of him were kept in the home for fertility. |
| Aeneas | Child of Aphrodite and Arachises (mortal). Aphrodite was making fun of the other gods for sleeping with mortals so Zeus makes Eros shoot her with a love arrow. This child is one of the surviving heroes of the Trojan war. |
| Cyprus | An island with (women) worshipers of Aphrodite. They do something to anger her and she curses them all to be hideous. |
| Pygmalion | A man on Cyprus. The women are hideous so refuses to marry. Sculpts a statue of a beautiful woman and falls in love with it. Aphrodite takes pity on him and turns her into a real woman, named Galatea. |
| Galatea | Sculpted by Pygmalion, given life by Aphrodite. Mother of Adonis. |
| Adonis | Child of Pygmalion and Galatea. Aphrodite falls in love with him, asks Persephone to keep an eye on him before she can get him but she also falls in love. They fight over him but Zeus makes them share. Travels between Hades and Earth with Persephone. |
| Hephaestus (Vulcan) | Child of solely Hera. Blacksmith god. Seen as living under a volcano (Lemnos). Depicted as ugly and deformed. Married to Aphrodite. Seen as more relatable than other gods. |
| Ares (Mars) | God of War (the bad parts). Less popular in Greece, more popular in Rome. |
| Artemis (Diana) | Child of Zeus and Leto, twin to Apollo. Associated with hunting, childbirth, chastity, the moon, witchcraft, puritanical. Doesn't allow her followers to have sex with men. Generally positive in depictions. |
| Niobe | A Queen who had 3 sons and 3 daughters. Had hubris and bragged about having more children than Leto's two. This pisses Leto off and she sends in the twins. They kill all Niobe's kids and turn her into a stone while she's weeping. The stone weeps forever. |
| Leto | A titan. Mother of Artemis and Apollo |
| Actaeon | A young hunter who accidently sees Artemis bathing while he's out hunting. She's startled and splashes him, turning him into a stag. His own hunting dogs chase him down and kill him. |
| Calisto | A follower of Artemis. Zeus found her beautiful and tricked her into sleeping with him by disguising himself as Artemis. She gets pregnant, and when the other followers notice this, Artemis kicks her out. Has a son named Arcus. |
| Ursa Major | Hera finds out about Calisto, and curses her to become a bear. Her son Arcus, a hunter, sees her as a bear and tries to hunt her. To prevent Arcus from killing his own mother, Zeus turns Calisto into a constellation. |
| Arcus | Child of Calisto and Zeus. |
| Apollo (Phoebus) | Child of Zeus and Leto, twin to Artemis. Associated with Music, healing, the sun, prophecy, laurel trees, bow and arrow, and the lyre. Seen as more reasonable and rational. God of moderation. Phoebus wasnt his Roman name, but a nickname in both religions. |
| Delphi and The Delphic Oracle | Associated with Apollo through prophecy. It was common to travel here to receive fortunes. Associated with Sophrosyne |
| Know thy self | A phrase printed on the walls in Delphi. |
| Nietzsche | Modern psychologist who wrote about "The Birth of Tragedy" saying humans have 2 fundamental sides: Apollonian and Dionysian. |
| Apollonian | One of human being's fundamental sides according to "The Birth of Tragedy" The side that wants to be rational, good, and well behaved. |
| Dionysian | One of human being's fundamental sides according to "The Birth of Tragedy" The side that wants gratification, the "wild side" |
| Casandra | Princess of Troy. Apollo said if she would sleep with him, he would give her any gift she wanted. She asked for prophecy but after getting it didn't sleep with him. Apollo then made it so no one would ever believe her prophecies. |
| Daphne | A Nymph. Apollo was making fun of Eros, so he shoots him with a love arrow, and Daphne with a hate one. Daphne runs from him and prays before getting caught. She turns into the laurel tree. Apollo is sad and makes it his special tree and wears its leaves |
| Hyacinth | Apollo and him were throwing around a discus gayly, but Apollo accidentally nails him in the head with it, killing him. Can't save him, so makes him into a flower instead. |
| Hermes (Mercury) | Son of Zeus. Associated with Athletes, messengers, business, thieves, travel, and fertility. Wears winged sandals so has power of flight. Wields Caduceus. Carried souls to the underworld. |
| Caduceus | Hermes' staff. has two snakes wrapped around it. Still used as a symbol in medicine and hospitals. |
| Herm | A bust of Hermes that depicts him erect. Kept in homes as a fertility statue. |
| Creation of the lyre | Hermes made an instrument out of a tortoise shell, but gave it to Apollo to appease him after stealing one of his cows. |
| Hestia (Vesta) | Goddess of the hearth. In Greek myth not very relevant, but plays a more important role in Roman myth. |
| Vestal Virgins | Vesta's (Hestia) followers who took a vow of chastity that if broken, they would be put to death. |
| Hebe | Daughter of Zeus and Hera. Goddess of youth. marries Hercules. |
| Iris | Messenger Goddess. More commonly used by Hera because she didn't trust Hermes. Associated with the rainbow. |
| Pan | A Satyr and god of fertility. Lived in the woods. Associated with shepherds. Very lustful god that liked to chase Nymphs. Could cause people to go crazy and hurt themselves or others: Pan-ic. |
| Syrinx | A Nymph chased by Pan. Prayed to her sisters to save her. They turned her into reeds. Pan made the pan flute from the reeds. |
| Echo's origin | A Nymph chased by Pan. Chased into a field with shepherds. Pan causes panic and the shepherds kill her. All that's left is her voice. |
| Echo and Zeus | Zeus has Echo distract Hera while he is having an affaire. When Hera finds out, she curses Echo to only be able to repeat things said to her. |
| Echo and Narcissus | Echo is in love with Narcissus, but he doesn't love her back, so she prays to make him love something that cant love him back, making him fall in love with his own reflection. |
| Demeter (Ceres) | Goddess of agriculture, grain, rich harvest. Most closely related to the "mother Goddess" role after Ge. Mother of Persephone. Represents the ever fertile earth. |
| Meter | Greek for "mother" |
| Persephone (Proserpina) | Queen of the underworld. Daughter of Zeus and Demeter, married to Hades. Goddess of "seasonal harvest." Often called "Korê" meaning "daughter" or "girl" Represents the seasonal grain |
| The Abduction of Persephone | Hades sees Persephone and falls in love, asks Zeus for her. Zeus draws Persephone in with a narcissus. Hades emerges from the underworld on his chariot and snatches her. Persephone going missing causes Demeter anguish and causes a famine. |
| Return of Persephone | Hermes is sent to retrieve Persephone. Hades lets her go, but had fed her 6 Pomegranate seeds, meaning she would have to return to the underworld. Demeter agrees to let Persephone spend part of the year with her, and the other part in Hades. |
| Eleusinian Mysteries | 1 of the most famous religious cults. Founded from the Homeric Hymns. Celebrated and worshiped Demeter. Within Athens the ritual was adopted by the Greeks and then Romans. |
| Eleusis | The village the Eleusinian Mysteries began in, was absorbed into Athens as it grew. Worshiped Demeter. |
| Mystery | Comes from the word "Mystês" meaning "one who closes" |
| Death | The punishment for speaking about the Eleusinian Mysteries |
| The Eleusinian Mysteries Ritual | Likely originated as a harvest festival. Held annually in the fall. A truce was called for 55 days. Anyone aside from convicted murderers could join. No doctrine, positive community gathering for promise of a happy afterlife and magically good harvest. |
| Kykeon | Drank during the Eleusinian Mysteries to mimic Demeter. A barley tea. |
| Telesterion | A massive Greek temple the followers of the Eleusinian Mysteries would walk to during the ritual. They would light a huge fire as their only light and show "terrible things" |
Created by:
Gothic_Bruno