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2.1.4 Blood
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Referral | an act of referring someone or something for consultation, review, or further action |
| Phlebotomy | he surgical opening or puncture of a vein in order to withdraw blood or introduce a fluid, or (historically) as part of the procedure of letting blood |
| Leukocytes | White blood cell, a colorless cell that circulates in the blood and body fluids and is involved in counteracting foreign substances and disease |
| Erythrocytes | Red blood cell, without a nucleus. Erythrocytes contain the pigment hemoglobin, transport oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the tissues |
| Plasma | the pale-yellow, liquid component of blood that constitutes about 55% of total blood volume |
| Thrombocytes | tiny cell fragments in your blood that are crucial for blood clotting (hemostasis), forming a plug to stop bleeding by clumping at injury sites |
| Hemoglobin | an iron-rich protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to tissues and returns carbon dioxide |
| Sickle Cell Disease | a group of inherited red blood cell disorders caused by a genetic mutation (HBB gene) that makes cells hard, sticky, and "C"-shaped, causing them to clog blood vessels and die early |
| Leukemia | a cancer of the blood-forming tissues and bone marrow, causing the rapid production of abnormal, immature white blood cells |
| Hematocrit | a blood test measuring the percentage of red blood cells (RBCs) in total blood volume, typically 36%–50% depending on gender |
| Anemia | a condition where the blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to the body |
| Polycythemia | a blood disorder characterized by an increased red blood cell mass, causing thickened blood and sluggish flow, |
| Cannula | a thin, flexible tube inserted into the body to deliver fluids/medication or drain fluids |
| Complete Blood Count (CBC) | a common, quick, and low-risk diagnostic blood test used to evaluate overall health by measuring the number and characteristics of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets |
| Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) | a common blood test, often requiring 8–12 hours of fasting, that measures eight key substances to evaluate kidney function, fluid/electrolyte balance, and blood sugar levels |
| Saturated Fat | a type of dietary fat that is typically solid at room temperature, commonly found in animal products (meat, butter, cheese) and some plant oils (coconut, palm) |
| Unsaturated Fat | "heart-healthy" fats, typically liquid at room temperature, that contain one or more double bonds in their chemical structure |
| Hypercholesterolemia | an excess of cholesterol in the bloodstream |
| Plaque (Cholesterol) | a waxy buildup of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances inside artery walls, causing narrowing known as atherosclerosis |
| Blood-borne Pathogen | microorganisms in blood that cause disease |
| Universal Precautions | infection control practices, established by the CDC, requiring that all human blood and certain body fluids be treated |
| Brachiocephalic Vein | large, paired vessels in the upper chest, formed by the union of the subclavian and internal jugular veins behind the sternoclavicular joint |
| Subclavian Vein | a large, paired blood vessel located just under the collarbone (clavicle) that drains deoxygenated blood from the upper limbs and shoulder girdle, |
| Lipid Panel (cholesterol test) | a blood test measuring fats (lipids) like total cholesterol, HDL (good), LDL (bad), and triglycerides to assess your risk for heart disease |
| Axillary Vein | a large, deep vein in the armpit (axilla) that drains blood from the upper limb, shoulder, and superolateral chest wall toward the heart |
| Greater Cephalic Vein | a major, superficial vessel of the upper limb that transports oxygen-depleted blood from the hand and arm toward the heart |
| Median Cubital Vein | a prominent, superficial vessel in the cubital fossa (inside elbow crease) connecting the cephalic and basilic veins |
| Basilic Vein | draining blood from the hand and forearm back towards the heart |
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