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Anatomy
Back and Forearm
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Lumbodorsal Fascia | Origin: coccyx up past T10. Insertion: point of half diamond ends up around L3-L4 area. Action: increases surface area for attachment of large muscles. |
| Latissimus Dorsi | O: Spinous processes of sacral, lumbar, lower thoracic vertebrae ; (pelvis); lower ribs I: intertubercular groove of humerus A: powerfully extends and adducts arm and rotates humerus inwardly or pulls shoulder downward and posteriorly. |
| Pectoralis Major (pars abdominalis) | Origin: aponeurosis of external obliques over medial part of ribs 5-7. Insertion: lateral ridge of intertubercular groove of humerus. Action: adducts shoulder; rotates medially and extends |
| Pectoralis Major (pars sternocostalis) | Origin: anterior surface of sternum and costal cartilage of ribs 1-7. Insertion: lateral ridge of intertubercular groove of humerus. Action: adducts the arm across the chest and pulls shoulder forward. |
| Pectoralis Major (pars clavicularis) | Origin: sternal half of clavicle. Insertion: lateral ridge of intertubercular groove of humerus. Action: adducts the arm upward toward the face. |
| Trapezius (pars spinalis-lower) | Origin: spinous process of T4-T12 vertebrae. Insertion: posterior portion of the spine of scapula. Action: power muscle that pulls scapula back and medially rotates. |
| Trapezius (pars acromialis-middle) | Origin: lower end of the nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C6-T3 vertebrae. Insertion: medial margin of the acromial process and the distal end of the scapular spine. Action: power muscle that lifts the shoulder upward and back. |
| Trapezius (pars clavicularis-upper) | O: begins at the superior part of the nuchal ligament from the occipital bone and continues along the nuchal ligament to C6 vertebrae. I: superior border of the last lateral third of the clavicle. A: elevates scapula and helps rotate arm upward |
| Supinator | Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligament of elbow, annular ligament of radius and the supinator crest of ulna. Insertion: an oblique line on the lateral anterior surface of the upper ⅓ of radius. Action: supinates the forearm |
| Pronator teres | O: Humeral Head: common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus and common flexor tendon. UH: medial side of coronoid process of ulna. I: middle ⅓ of lateral surface of radius. A: pronation of forearm and flexion of forearm at the elbow. |
| Brachioradialis | O: proximal ⅔ of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus and lateral intermuscular septum. I: Lateral side of base of styloid process of the radius. A: flexion of the forearm at the elbow. Pronates and supinates to midposition. |
| Extensor Digitorum | O: common extensor tendon I: by 4 tendons, each tendon dividing into 3 slips, the middle one attaching to the dorsal surface of the middle phalanx and the other two uniting to attach A: extends phalanges at the interphalangeal joints, continued action |
| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis | O: Humero-Ulnar Head: medial epicondyle of the humerus by the common flexor tendon, ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow and the coronoid process of the ulna. I: 4 tendons divide for the passage digitorum profundus then insert as 2 slips on the sides |
| Extensor Pollicis Longus | I: the posterior surface of the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb. A: extends the distal phalanx of the thumb. Continued action, extends proximal phalanx and metacarpal, and adducts the 1st metacarpal. |
| Flexor Pollicis Longus | O: anterior surface of middle ½ of radius. Adjacent interosseous membrane and a slip from the coronoid process of the ulna or medial epicondyle of humerus. I: palmar surface of the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb. A: flexes the inter joint of t |
| Flexor Carpi Radialis | Origin: common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus. Insertion: anterior surface of bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals. Action: flexes and radially deviates the hand at the wrist. |
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris | Origin: by 2 heads from medial epicondyle of humerus and medial border of olecranon process of ulna. Insertion: palmar surface of pisiform and hamate carpal bones and base of 5th metacarpal. Action: flexes and ulnarly deviates the hand at the wrist. |
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus | Origin: lower ⅓ of lateral supracondylar ridge, and a few fibers from lateral epicondyle. Insertion: posterior surface of base of second metacarpal. Action: extends and radially deviates the hand at the wrist. |
| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris | Origin: by 2 heads from lateral epicondyle of humerus and middle ⅓ of posterior ridge of ulna. Insertion: posterior surface of base of 5th metacarpal. Action: extends and ulnarly deviates the hand at the wrist. |
| Palmaris Longus | Origin: common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus. Insertion: flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis. Action: flexes hand at the wrist. |
Created by:
journey9038