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AP Comp Gov Unit 3+4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| civil society | Organizations outside of the state that help people define and advance their own interests |
| individualism | a social theory favoring freedom of action for individuals over collective or state control. |
| neoliberalism | A strategy for economic development that calls for free markets, balanced budgets, privatization, free trade, and minimal government intervention in the economy. |
| postmaterialism | A set of values in a society in which most citizens are economically secure enough to move beyond immediate economic (materialist) concerns to "quality of life" issues like human rights, civil rights, women's rights, environmentalism, and moral values |
| communism | A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state. |
| socialism | A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production. |
| fascism | A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition |
| populism | the political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite |
| formal political participation | government controlled methods of individuals voicing political opinions that are regulated by set laws such as casting a ballot in a government election |
| informal political participation | voluntary individual actions intended to shape governmental policies with less regulation by the government such as protests and political criticism expressed through social media |
| Russia government | semi-presidential structure- president and prime minister share governing responsibilities- president holds more power |
| Russian legislature | Bicameral, but the lower house, the Dumma, has more legislative power |
| asymmetrical federalism | A form of federalism in which some subnational units in the federal system have greater or lesser powers than others. |
| Russian social cleavages | Biggest Cleavage is Nationality: Russian, Tatar, Ukrainian, coinciding with region and religion; Most Russiansare Russian Orthodox, but are largely nonreligious, tepid rise of Muslim population; most people live in cities, mostly in the West |
| rentier state | -Lack of diversity in local economy -Price fluctuations cause by dependency on world markets -Income inequality -No incentive to industrialize/modernize economy -Corrupt use of income received from rents -No need for fiscal system to tax ppl |
| Single-member district | An electoral district in which voters choose one representative or official. |
| proportional representation | An election system in which each party running receives the proportion of legislative seats corresponding to its proportion of the vote. |