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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Magnetic compass | developed by Chinese scientists, helped aid navigation and ship control along the seas |
| Rudder | Developed by Chinese scientists used to control the boat like a steering wheel |
| Junk | Developed in the Han dynasty was a boat similar to the Southwest Asian Dhow |
| Mongol Empire | The rise of the empire had the most significant effect on trade |
| Kashgar | a city located at the western edge of china were northern and southern routes of the silk road crossed travelers on the silk roads depended on the city for its abudance of food and water |
| Samarkand | in present day Uzbekistan in the zeravashan River valley, was a stopping point on the silk roads between China and the Mediterranean it was a center of cultural exchange as much as it was for trading goods |
| Caravanserai | inns that sprang up often about 100 miles apart this was the distance camels could travel before they needed water. Here travelers and their animals could rest and sometimes travelers could trade their animals for fresh ones |
| Money economy | an economy that used money rather than batering with such commodities as cowrie shells or salt |
| flying cash | a system of credit that allowed a merchant to deposit paper money under their name in one location then withdraw that same amount in another |
| Paper money | a currency used during system of credits like flying cash, it was made by the Chinese people |
| Banking houses | established in European cities in the 1300s here a person could present a bill of exchange |
| bill of exchange | a document stating the holder was legally promised payment of a set amount of money on a set date and received that amount of money in exchange |
| Hanseatic league | cities in northern Germany and Scandinavia formed a commercial alliance it controlled trade in the south sea and the Baltic sea |
| Mongols | located north of the Gobi Desert in East Asia. They were multiple clans of pastoral nomads |
| Khan | title a Mongolian ruler was given |
| Kuriltal | a meeting were Temujin was elected Khan of the Mongolian Khan |
| Genghis Khan | the other name of the Mongolian leader Temujin it means "ruler of all" |
| Khanates | Genghis Khan's kingdoms |
| Pax mongolica | The period of Eurasian history between the 13th and 14th centuries also called the Mongolian peace |
| batu | The son of Khan's oldest son led a Mongolian army of 100,000 soldiers into Russia. His army became known as the Golden Horde |
| Golden Horde | Batu's army, they marched westward conquering the small Russian kingdoms and forcing them to pay tribute |
| Moscow | A Russian city-state that's rulers collected additional tributes to build an army to resist the Mongols |
| Halegu | another grandson of Khan led the Mongols into Abbasid where they destroyed Baghdad and killed the ruler and citizens of the city |
| il-kahanate | Hulegu's kingdom in central Asia Mongols ruled this kingdom Persians served as ministers and provincial and local officers |
| Kublai Khan | grandson of Khan who set his sights on China which was then ruled by the song dynasty after years of trying to conquer it he did |
| Yuan dynasty | established by Kublai Khanhe rebuilt the capital at Zhongdu, which had been destroyed by the Mongols in 1215 calling it dadu |
| Zhu Yuanzhang | a Buddhist monk from a poor peasant family, led a revolt that overthrew the Yuan Dynasty and founded the Ming. |
| Ming dynasty | founded by Zhu Yuanzhang took place from (1368-1644) |
| Gobi desert | located in east Asia Mongol is located north from here |
| siege weapons | Khan captured engineers from China and Persia that new how to produce improved ones (ex: portable towers and catapults) |
| cannon | some consider this a Mongol invention, it used Chinese gunpowder, Muslim flamethrowers, and European bell-casting techniques |
| Uyghur Alpebet | in khan's attempt to unify his empire he captured a scribe to adapt this language for the Mongols the effect failed but the alphabet is still used in Mongolia today |
| white lotus society | int he 1350s this secret group began secretly organizing to put an end to the Yuan Dynasty |
| Bubonic Plague | spread from Mongol conquest it was transmitted through fleas also termed the black death it spread from southern China to central Asia and from there to southeast Asia to Europe it followed familiar paths of trade and military conquest |
Created by:
jhartmannn