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E&A Exam #1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| weathering, mass wasting, and erosion are all called what and why are they called it. | External Processes because they occur at or near earth's surface |
| what is mass wasting | the downslope movement of rock and soil due to gravity |
| what does water do | reduces the internal resistance of materials and adds weight to a slope |
| angle of repose | loose, undisturbed particles assume a stable slope |
| what would an angle of repose create if it was not stable | mass waste |
| what are two controls and triggers of mass wasting | removal of vegetation and earthquakes |
| what are the sub disciplines | geology, oceanography, atmospheric science, and atronomy |
| how old is earth | 4.6 billion years |
| what is geology | physical and historical. creating and sculpting of land |
| what is oceanography | water planet |
| what is atmospheric science | primary focus is atmosphere |
| what is astronomy | birth, life, and death of stars |
| what are minerals | building layers of rock |
| internal processes | behaves plasticly |
| what was under water at one point | Arkansas |
| what does physical geology start with | minerals and rocks |
| internal processes create what | volcanos, earth quakes, it is also broken into 7 major plates |
| external processes create what | sculpting, weathering, and erosion |
| what is the largest part of the hydrosphere | oceanography |
| what is composition in seawater | more salt the heavier it is |
| what is movement | slower circulation |
| coastal processes consist of what | seafloor topography and marine life |
| seafloor topography is what | shape of land |
| what is meteorology | study of weather |
| what is climate | all elements of weather but over time of 30 years |
| composition is what in atmospheric science | mix of gases and how it behave with pressure at is goes up |
| what are elements of weather | temp, pressure, humidity, wind speed, and direction |
| what is the composition in the solar system | has to do with how close something is to the sun |
| what are the four sphere of earth | geo, bio, atmos, hydro |
| what is the largest portion of the hydrosphere | the ocean |
| what percent is the ocean covers the surface of the planet | 71 |
| what percentage of water is in the ocean | 97 |
| is fresh water renewable | yes |
| what is the percent for glacier water | 2 |
| how much percent of freshwater is there | 1 |
| what is the percentage of ground water | 2/3 |
| what is weather | movement to moment |
| what does paleotectonic means | to build |
| what is oceanography made of up | seawater, coastal processes, seafloor topography |
| what is the atmospheric science made up of | meteorology, composition, and energy |
| what is astronomy made up of | solar system, and universe |
| what is the atmosphere made up of | weather and climate |
| what is the geosphere | crust, mantle, and core |
| what is the inner core of the geosphere like | solid |
| what is the outer core of the geosphere like | liquid |
| what is the crust of the geosphere made of | iron and nickel |
| what does the biosphere influence | the other three spheres |
| what does the biosphere include | all life |
| Time | seconds to billions of year |
| scale | millimeters to billions of meters |
| what does environment include | biological, social, and physical |
| what is the soil a combination of | all four spheres |
| hydrologic is also known as | water cycle |
| internal sources is | radioactivity |
| external source is | sun |
| define renewable sources | replenished in a timely manner |
| what are some examples of renewable sources | plants, animals, wind, water, solar |
| what are some examples of nonrenewable sources | metals(iron, copper, aluminum), hydrocarbon fuels (coal, oil, gas) |
| define nonrenewable sources | does not get replenished in a timely manner |
| what is shale | core space that soaks up p |
| what is radioactivity | the process by which atomic nuclei spontaneously break apart and release energy |
| what is arkansas' state rock | bauxite |
| what is Galena | lead (there is a town called lead hill in northern arkansas) |
| what is arkansas' state mineral | quartz |
| what is hydraulic fracturing (fracking) | is a relatively a new drilling method for the extraction of oil and gas |
| what is the fayetteville shale | a newly discovered sources of natural gas in north central arkansas |
| what is barite | a sulfate mineral with a high specific gravity used as an oil field drillings mud |
| plant is also known as | phytoplankton |
| who imports most of our oil | canada |
| how much oil did the US consume in 2022 | 20.01 million barrels per day (20%) |
| what is the keystone XL bid revived | a 1179 mile oil pipeline that runs through sensitive areas between canada and gulf coast |
| bituminous coal | 85% carbon, higher energy, coal we burn in AR |
| what are the three factors that determine velocity | gradient, channel, discharge |
| what is streamflow | erode and transport materials caused by determined by velocity |
| what is gradient or slope | high to low, steeper the gradient faster velocity |
| what is channel characteristics | shape, size, roughness |
| what is discharge | how much volume goes past a certain point |
| what are some factors that increase downstream | velocity, discharge, channel size |
| what is base level | lowest point a stream can erode |
| what are the two general types of base level | sea level and local or temp |
| what can raising base levels cause | deposition |
| to find the discharge of a stream what do you do | multiply the average depth by the average width |
| what is an equalizer of stream flow | groundwater |
| a beneficial side effect of flood water is what | recharging aquifers |
| what are hot springs in the Quachita Mountains heated by | geothermal gradient |
| the great majority of hot springs and geysers in the US are found where | west |
| why did monticello build a lake | to insure secondary source for its supply of drinking water |
| a problem that could occur in southeast ar with the continuance of pumping water from the sparta sands aquifer is what | saltwater intrusion |
| a common solution feature formed by groundwater in north arkansas is what | cave |
| what is transported material called | streams load |
| what are some types of loads | dissolved load, suspended load, bed load |
| what is the capacity | the maximum load a stream can transport |
| what does competence indicate | maximum particles size a stream can transport |
| what are stream sediments known as | alluvium |
| what is a delta | body of sediment where a stream enters a lake or ocean |
| what is natural levee | parallel to stream channels by many floods |
| what shape is a narrow valley | v shaped |
| what makes a narrow valley | downcutting toward base level, often features rapids and waterfalls |
| what makes a wide valley | stream is near base level, erosion is less dominant, stream is directed from side to side |
| what is floodplain | stream directed from side to side |
| what are the two kinds of floodplains | erosional and depositional |
| what are the most common and most destructive geological hazard | floods |
| land area that contributes water to the stream is what | drainage basin |
| the imaginary line separating one basin from another is what | divide |
| what are common drainage patterns | dendritic, radical, rectangular, trellis |
| what is the primary erosional method | solutioning |
| when do sinkholes happen | when caverns roof cave |
| what are caverns | dissolving rock beneath earth surface |
| as an erosional agent, dissolving by groundwater produces what | sinkholes and caverns |
| what is zone of aeration | pores fill with air instead of water, it is also above the water table |
| what is zone of saturation | pores fill with water |
| water table | upper limit of the zone of saturation |
| porosity | percentage of pores spaces |
| permeability | ability to transmit water through connected pore space |
| aquitard | impermeable layer of material, will not flow |
| aquifer | permeable layer of material, will flow |
| geysers | heated by igneous rock cooling off |
| what is cone of depression | happens when you are pulling to much water off the aquifer |
| what do artesian wells act as | natural piplines |
| is salt water more dense | yes more dense |
| what are stalactites | hanging from the ceiling of a cave |
| what are stalagmites | growing upward from the floor of a cave |
| what is karst topography | formation of cave |
Created by:
josey edwards 11