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Immunology lecture 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where are blood and immune cells made? | bone marrow |
| Stem cell is called: | Haematopoietic stem cell -self renewing, can turn into a variety of cells -> immune cells and RBCs + platelets |
| Buffy coat | -buffy coat = WBCs -mix of all -healthy Buffy coat - ~1-2% -cancerous Buffy coat - increased in size (leukaemia indicator) -leukemia first cancer discovered |
| Histopaque, lymphoprep | -used in centrifuge to separate Buffy coat -sugar solution, operates via density and centrifugation -end up with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) -Tcell, Cell, NK cell, Monocyte |
| Blood smear | -spread a drop of blood -use a stain to identify immune cells (Wright-Giemsa) |
| what is identified via Light Microscopy? | -Granules (vessicles filled with "stuff", stain differently) -Nuclei -> how many lobes? % of cytoplasm? |
| Identifying lymphocytes | -look similar, many subtypes -use cell surface proteins -> 'cluster of differentiation ' - CD |
| Myeloid lineage | -RBCs -granulocytes -monocytes -platelets |
| Lymphoid lineage | -T-cell -B-cell -NK cell |
| Gobblers | Eat & Report -Dendritic cell -Macrophage -Neutrophil -Monocyte |
| Boffins | Decode & Direct - Helper T-cells -Cytotoxic T-cells -B-cells -Memory cells |
| Bombs | Attack & Destroy -NK cells -Eosinophil -Basophil -Mast cell |
| Governors | -Regulate & Balance -T-reg -Follicular DC -Stromal cell -cytokines |
| Dendritic cell | -Tissue resident professional antigen presenting cell - long lived -survey the environ. - gobble stuff up via phagocytosis, receptor-mediated uptake -migrate to lymph nodes to prime naive T-cells -main avenue that MHC II info travels down |
| Macrophage | -tissue resident (and recruited) phagocytosis cells - mostly. apoptotic cell waste -clean up, local surveillance & MHC II presentation, local immune control -stay and manage after encountering pathogen -good at presenting MHCII locally |
| Neutrophil | -arrive before macrophages and DC activate -short-lived, guided missile -phagocytotic cells -eat bacteria & fuse w/ vesicles (digestion) -Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) (explode) -mix of DNA, histones, anti-microbial proteins |
| Monocyte | -circulating precursor cell -short-lived reinforcements -recruited to site of inflammation ->activates macrophage or DC (short-lived) -distinct from tissue resident macrophages/DC |
| Monocyte in circulation | -phagocytosis in blood -maintain endothelial health -complement mediated clearance |
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