We now probe more deeply into the cell to study its internal structures.

These are classified into three groups—cytoskeleton, organelles, and inclusions—all embedded in the cytosol.

The cytosol is a clear, viscous, watery colloid that bathes the cytoskeleton and organelles.

It contains enzymes, other proteins, amino acids, ATP, electrolytes, other diverse organic and inorganic ions, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and metabolic wastes.

It is the site of glycolysis, anaerobic fermentation, and most protein synthesis.

elements even connect to chromosomes in the nucleus, enabling physical tension on a cell to move nuclear contents, mechanically stimulate genetic function, and influence the timing of cell division relative to cell size.

is composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.

Microfilaments (thin filaments) are about 6 nm thick and are made of the protein actin.

They are concentrated in a fibrous mat called the terminal web (membrane skeleton) on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane, providing support. They also form the cores of microvilli and are involved in cell motility.

Intermediate filaments (8–10 nm thick)

are thicker and stiffer than microfilaments. They give the cell its shape, resist stress, and form junctions that attach cells to their neighbors. In epidermal cells, they are made of keratin.

Microtubules (25 nm in diameter)

are cylinders made of 13 parallel strands called protofilaments, each a chain of tubulin protein.

Microtubules (25 nm in diameter)

They radiate from the centrosome, hold organelles in place, maintain cell shape, act as tracks for intracellular transport, and form the axonemes of cilia and flagella and the mitotic spindle.

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Question	Answer
We now probe more deeply into the cell to study its internal structures.	These are classified into three groups—cytoskeleton, organelles, and inclusions—all embedded in the cytosol.
The cytosol is a clear, viscous, watery colloid that bathes the cytoskeleton and organelles.	It contains enzymes, other proteins, amino acids, ATP, electrolytes, other diverse organic and inorganic ions, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and metabolic wastes.
cytosol	It is the site of glycolysis, anaerobic fermentation, and most protein synthesis.
The ---- is a network of protein filaments and cylinders that structurally support a cell, determine its shape, organize its contents, direct the movement of materials within the cell, and contribute to movements of the cell as a whole.	cytoskeleton
It forms a dense supportive scaffold in the cytoplasm.	cytoskeleton
It is connected to transmembrane proteins of the plasma membrane, and they in turn are connected to protein fibers external to the cell, creating a strong structural continuity from extracellular material to the cytoplasm.	cytoskeleton
Cytoskeletal	elements even connect to chromosomes in the nucleus, enabling physical tension on a cell to move nuclear contents, mechanically stimulate genetic function, and influence the timing of cell division relative to cell size.
The cytoskeleton	is composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
Microfilaments (thin filaments) are about 6 nm thick and are made of the protein actin.	They are concentrated in a fibrous mat called the terminal web (membrane skeleton) on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane, providing support. They also form the cores of microvilli and are involved in cell motility.
Intermediate filaments (8–10 nm thick)	are thicker and stiffer than microfilaments. They give the cell its shape, resist stress, and form junctions that attach cells to their neighbors. In epidermal cells, they are made of keratin.
Microtubules (25 nm in diameter)	are cylinders made of 13 parallel strands called protofilaments, each a chain of tubulin protein.
Microtubules (25 nm in diameter)	They radiate from the centrosome, hold organelles in place, maintain cell shape, act as tracks for intracellular transport, and form the axonemes of cilia and flagella and the mitotic spindle.

Created by: Russells3709

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