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unit 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| minerals | mineral a naturally formed, inorganic solid with a crystalline structure |
| element | a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means; all atoms of an element have the same atomic number |
| atom | the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element |
| compound | a substance made up of atoms or ions of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds |
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| crystal | natural solid substance that has a definite geometric shape |
| streak | color of a mineral in powdered form |
| luster | the way in which a mineral reflects light |
| cleavage | in geology, the tendency of a mineral to split along specific planes of weakness to form smooth, flat surfaces |
| weathering | the natural process by which atmospheric and environmental agents, such as wind, rain, and temperature changes, disintegrate and decompose rocks |
| erosion | the process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another |
| deposition | the process in which material is laid down |
| igneous rock | rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies |
| sedimentary rock | a rock that forms from compressed or cemented layers of sediment |
| metamorphic rock | a rock that forms from other rocks as a result of intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes |
| rock cycle | the series of processes in which rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geologic processes |
| uplift | the rising of regions of the Earth’s crust to higher elevations |
| subsidence | the sinking of regions of the Earth’s crust to lower elevations |
| rift zone | an area of deep cracks that forms between two tectonic plates that are pulling away from each other |
| crust | the thin and solid outermost layer of Earth above the mantle |
| mantle | mantle the layer of rock between the Earth’s crust and core |
| convection | the movement of matter due to differences in density that are caused by temperature variations; can result in the transfer of energy as heat |
| core | the central part of Earth below the mantle |
| lithosphere | the solid, outer layer of Earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle |
| the solid, plastic layer of the mantle beneath the lithosphere; made of mantle rock that flows very slowly, which allows tectonic plates to move on top of it | |
| the strong, lower part of the mantle between the asthenosphere and the outer core, 2. the layer of the atmosphere between the stratosphere and the thermosphere and in which temperature decreases as altitude increases | |
| the bending, tilting, and breaking of Earth’s crust; the change in the shape of rock in response to stress | |
| the bending of rock layers due to stress | |
| a break in a body of rock along which one block moves relative to another | |
| stress that occurs when forces act in parallel but opposite directions, pushing parts of a solid in opposite directions | |
| stress that occurs when forces act to stretch an object | |
| stress that occurs when forces act to squeeze an object | |
| a movement or trembling of the ground that is caused by a sudden release of energy when rocks along a fault move | |
| the location within Earth along a fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs | |
| the point on Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s starting point, or focus | |
| the edge between two or more plates classified as divergent, convergent, or transform by the movement taking place between the plates | |
| the sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its undeformed shape | |
| a vent or fissure in Earth’s surface through which magma and gases are expelled | |
| the molten or partially molten rock material containing trapped gases produced under the Earth’s surface | |
| lava magma that flows onto Earth’s surface; the rock that forms when lava cools and solidifies | |
| an opening at the surface of the Earth through which volcanic material passes | |
| a volcanically active area of Earth’s surface, commonly far from a tectonic plate boundary |
Created by:
Tyler Noel