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Chapter 17-study
study guide for chapter 17
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the building blocks of most matter? | atoms |
| atoms make up everything in the universe that we see, ?, taste, ? and smell. | feel, hear |
| what is the smallest particles of an element that can be identified with that element? | atoms |
| a substance made up of only one kind of atom. | element |
| ? percent of the material on earth is formed from only a dozen of the elements (most of them are rare) | 99 percent |
| 5 most common elements that make up living things. (most common) | oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium |
| What us chemical symbol? | letter or letters that represent an element. |
| Lightest element? | Hydrogen |
| Hydrogen makes up what percent of all the atoms in the universe? | 90 percent |
| what element is the second lightest element? | Helium |
| makes up what percent of atoms in the universe? (although its rare on earth) | 10 percent |
| How and where are heavier elements formed? | Fusion reactions inside stars |
| When are elements heavier than iron formed? | during super-novas |
| How are the heaviest elements formed? | when pairs of neutron stars collide. |
| almost all the atoms on earth are the remains of what? | stars |
| what percent of matter is composed of dark unseen matter? | 23 percent |
| atoms are slowest in? | solids |
| atoms are faster in? | liquids |
| atoms are fastes in? | gases |
| How long does it take for one of you exhaled breaths to becom evenly mixed in the atmosphere? | about six years |
| atoms are much older that the ? they compose. | material |
| who said matter was made of atoms because of studying chemical reactions? | John Dalton |
| What is Browanian motion? | constant jiggling of particles just large enough to be seen. |
| ? is smallest particle of a substance consisting of two or more atoms that bond together by sharing electrons. | Molecule |
| Molecules can be made up of atoms of the ? element of of ? element. | same, different |
| What is the most common molecule? | water-H2O |
| True or false: Not all matter is made of molecules. | True |
| Metals are... | rows of individual atoms |
| True or False: Molecules can't be detected by all of our senses. | False, they can be detected by all of our senses. |
| what is a compound that is made of atoms of different elements comined in a fixed proportion? | Compound |
| What tells the proportions of each kind of atom? | Chemical Formula |
| True or false: a compund may or may not be made of molecules. | True |
| Compounds have properties ? from those of the elements of which they are made. | different |
| what are two gases? | Hydrogen and oxygen |
| True or false: atoms are mostly empty space. | True |
| Where is the mass of an atom primarily concentrated? | Nucleus |
| What is the central region of the atom? | Nucleus |
| What prevents close packing of atomic nuclei? | Electrical repulsion. |
| When nuclei of two or more atoms are squashed together into contact this is called? | Nuclear fusion |
| What are the building blocks of the nucleus? | nucleons |
| Neutrons are electrically what? | neutral |
| Protons electric charge is? | positive |
| Total number of nucleons in the nucleons of the atom. | Atomic mass number |
| How do you get the mass number? | protons plus neutrons (really subtracting) |
| True or false: atoms of various elements differ in the number of protons. | true |
| what are atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons? | isotopes |
| what are the two types of electric charges? | positive protons, negative electrons |
| Like charges... unlike charges... | repel attract |
| protons repel ? but attract electrons | protons |
| electrons repel electrons but attract ? | protons |
| how are protons held together in the nucleus? | by a strong nuclear force |
| what do electrons orbit? | nucleus |
| True or false: the number of negatively charged electrons must equal the number of postively charged protons. | True |
| When the number of electrons is more or less than the number of protons in the atom, the atom is no longer neutral and has a net charge. It is now called? | an ion |
| what is the shell model of an atom? | a model in which the electrons of an atom are pictured as grouped in concentric shells around the nucleus. |
| how many different shells have its own capacity? | seven |
| the first shell can hold? | 2 electrons |
| the second shell can hold? | 8 electrons |
| the outer shell cant hold more than? | 8 electrons |
| what dictates the atom's physical and chemical properties? | the arrangement of electrons |
| What forms a chemical bond between elements? | the sharing or transferring of electrons |
| how do covalent bonds form? | when two atoms share electrons |
| How do ionic bonds form? | when electrons are transferred between atoms |
| what are the four phases of matter? | solid, liguid, gas |
| what matter consists of positive ions and free electrons? | plasma |
| true or false: all substances can be transformed from one phase to another by heating. | True |
Created by:
cwillett
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