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3.3d
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The -----, or osmotic concentration, of body fluids has such a great effect on cellular function that it is important to understand the units in which it is measured. | osmolarity |
| Physiologists and clinicians usually express this in terms of ---, a unit of measure that expresses the quantity of nonpermeating particles per liter of solution. Blood plasma, tissue fluid, and intracellular fluids measure about 300 mOsm/L. | milliosmoles per liter (mOsm/L) |
| Tonicity | is the ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume and pressure in a cell. If a solute cannot pass through a plasma membrane but remains more concentrated on one side than on the other, it causes osmosis |
| A ----- has a lower concentration of nonpermeating solutes than the intracellular fluid (ICF). | hypotonic solution |
| Cells in a ----- absorb water, swell, and may burst (lyse). | hypotonic solution |
| Distilled water | is the extreme example; a sufficient quantity given to a person intravenously would lyse the blood cells, with dire consequences. |
| A hypertonic solution is one with a higher concentration of nonpermeating solutes than the ICF. It causes cells to lose water and shrivel (crenate). | Such cells may die of torn membranes and cytoplasmic loss. |
| In isotonic solutions, the total concentration of nonpermeating solutes is the same as in the ICF— | hence, isotonic solutions cause no change in cell volume or shape. |
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Russells3709